㈠ 谁有详细的29U型钢支架的技术参数参考下
29U型钢支架，亿煤29U型钢支架特点，U型钢支架
29U型钢支架产品参数 ymjt04
高度：124mm
厚度：16mm
理论重量：29kg/m
弹性模量：200GPa
泊松比：0.3
容重：7800kg/m3
抗拉强度（TS）大于575MPa,
屈服强度（YS)大于400MPa，
伸长率EL大于等于26%，冲击功（J）在20°C时的平均值应达到54.
29U型钢支架产品介绍
29U型钢支架主要用于矿井巷道、矿井巷道二次支护、以及穿山隧道的支撑支护等用途。使用U型钢支架有效降低冒顶、片帮等事故的发生，安全可靠，提高了矿井通风系统稳定性。选用U型钢可缩性支架，较好解决了掘进支护的难题。
29U型钢支架特点
29U型钢支架具有承受压力大，支撑时间久，易安装不易变形等特点。
29U型钢支架直墙半圆拱支架抬棚在采准巷道交岔点的应用,并取得了成效. 选用U型钢可缩性支架，较好解决了掘进支护的难题。29U型钢支架较其他刚性支架具有可缩性和稳定可靠的承载能力，适应松软围岩的载荷和变形，断面利用率高，支架支回方便，支架复用率高，减少坑木使用，环保效益十分明显。
㈡ 谁有详细的36U型钢支架的技术参数参考下
36U型钢支架主要用于矿井巷道、矿井巷道二次支护、以及穿山隧道的支撑支护等用途。zmjt15
㈢ 13条英文参考文献翻译 在线等~！请勿用翻译器 尽量翻译出意思就行了
好长呀！如满意请加分。
References 参考文献
[1] T. Vorm, Development of a quick-stop device and an analysis of the frozen-chip technique, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des. Res. 16 (1976) 241–250.
急停装置的发展及冷冻屑片技术分析；作者：T. Vorm,
国际机械工具设计研究杂志，（1976）第16期,241至250页。
[2] J. Ellis, R. Kirk and G. Barrow, The development of a quick-stop device for metal cutting research, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des. Res. 9 (1969) 321–339.
金属切削的急停装置研究的发展；作者：J. Ellis, R. Kirk and G. Barrow，
国际机械工具设计研究杂志，（1969）第9期, 321至339页。
[3] P.K. Philip, Study of the performance characteristics of an explosive quick-stop device for freezing cutting action, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des.Res. 11 (1971) 133–144.
刹住切削作用的爆发性急停装置的性能特点研究；作者：P.K. Philip
国际机械工具设计研究杂志，（1971）第11期, 133至144页。
[4] R.H. Brown, A double shear-pin quick-stop device for very rapid disengagement of a cutting tool, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des. Res. 16 (1976) 115–121.
可以快速分开切割器的双剪刀销急停装置；作者：R.H. Brown,
国际机械工具设计研究杂志，（1976）第16期, 115至121页。
[5] J.T. Black, C.R. James, The hammer QSD—quick stop device for high speed machining and rubbing, J. Eng. Ind. 103 (1981) 13–21.
高速切割与研磨的QSD锤的急停装置； 作者：J.T. Black, C.R. James,
机器制造工业杂志，（1981）第103期, 13至21页。
[6] R. Komanri, R.H. Brown, On the mechanics of chip segmentation in machining, J. Eng. Ind. 103 (1981) 33–51.
切割时分割屑片的力学；作者：R. Komanri, R.H. Brown,
机器制造工业杂志，（1981）第103期, 33至51页。
[7] B.J. Griffiths, The development of a quick-stop device for use in metal cutting hole manufacturing processes, Int. J. Mach. Tool Des. Res. 26 (2) (1986) 191–203.
制造过程中钻削金属孔口所使用的急停装置的发展；作者：B.J. Griffiths,
国际机械工具设计研究杂志，（1986）第26期（2）, 191至203页。
[8] S.H. Yeo, W.W. Lui and V. Phung, A quick-stop device for orthogonal machining, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 29 (1992) 41–46.
正交切削的急停装置；作者：S.H. Yeo, W.W. Lui and V. Phung,
材料工艺技术杂志，（1992）第29期, 41至46页。
[9] Z.C. Lin, W.C. Pan and S.P. Lo, A study of orthogonal cutting with tool flank wear and sticking behavior on the chip–tool interface, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 52 (1995) 524–538.
研究正交切削 的刀-屑接触表面的后刀面磨损及粘结表现；作者：Z.C. Lin, W.C. Pan 和 S.P. Lo, 材料工艺技术杂志，（1995）第52期, 524至538页。
[10] J.T. Black, Shear front-lamella structure in large strain plastic deformation processes, J. Eng. Ind. 94 (1) (1972) 307–316.
大型应变塑性变形过程中的剪切面-薄层结构；作者：J.T. Black,
机器制造工业杂志，（1972）第94期（1）, 307至316页。
[11] J.Q. Xie, A.E. Bayoumi and H.M. Zbib, A study on shear banding in chip formation of orthogonal cutting, Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. 36 (7) (1996) 835–847.
正交切削过程中切屑形成的剪切现象研究；作者：J.Q. Xie, A.E. Bayoumi 和 H.M. Zbib,
国际机械工具制造杂志，（1996）第36期（7）, 835至847页。
[12] J.T. Black, On the fundamental mechanism of large strain plastic deformation — electron micros of metal cutting chips, J. Eng. Ind.93 (2) (1971) 507–526.
大型应变塑性变形的基本机理—金属切削屑片的电子显微；作者：J.T. Black,
机器制造工业杂志，（1971）第93期（2）, 507至526页。
[13] M.E. Merchant, Mechanics of the cutting processes. I. Orthogonal
cutting and a type 2 chip, J. Appl. Phys., AIP 16 (5) (1945) 267–275.
切削工艺的力学。1. 正交切削, 以及一种2. 屑片；作者：M.E. Merchant,
应用物理学杂志，（1945）第16期（5）, 267至275页。
【英语牛人团】
㈣ 成品支架的论文
成品支架的论文，网络上这类论文会比较多，你可以搜索一下作为参考
㈤ 什么是u型支架求大神解答
U型钢支架主要用途：用于矿井巷道、矿井巷道二次支护、以及穿山隧道的支撑支护......1. U25型U型钢支架，2. U29型U型钢支架，3. U36型U型钢支架.....U型钢支架主要特点：承受压力大，支撑时间久，易安装不易变形......U型钢直墙半圆拱支架抬棚在采准巷道交岔点的应用,并取得了显著的成效. 选用U型钢可缩性支架，较好解决了掘进支护的难题。U型钢支架较其他刚性支架具有可缩性和稳定可靠的承载能力，适应松软围岩的载荷和变形，断面利用率高，支架支回方便，维修量小，支架回收复用率高，减少坑木使用，环保效益十分明显。
㈥ 小弟在做采矿毕业设计 急求一片3000字英文参考文献翻译
附录 1
井筒及巷道的支护
井筒的支护
在国外，很少使用砖、料石和铸铁井壁， 从前，几乎全用木支架，但现在混凝土和金属井壁使用量日增。 井壁的选择决定于围岩和水的条件，井筒的形式和材料的费用。
(1)木支架——直到最近，大多数方形的井筒还在用框形木支架支护井帮和分成隔间。.所用木料的尺寸和框距取决于所遇到的岩层情况。. 木支架缺点是费用高，强度低、寿命短，易引起火灾。在膨胀性岩层中，木支架损坏得慢，警告时间长。在大多数情况下，开始凿井时浇灌一个混凝土锁口以固定支架，为井筒木支架提供良好的基础。木框架一般用挂钩挂在上面的框架上，框架就位后插入支柱，拉紧挂钩，在井筒周围铺上背板。
(2)金属支护——有时用金属支架代替木支架。 通常与木背板配合使用。木背板可快速而高效地插入金属支架的翼缘中。金属支架若设计恰当其安装的速度和准确度均比木支架高，因为安装时金属支架可能螺栓连接，并且排列很整齐。
(3)混凝土井壁——现在，原形混凝土井壁使用日益广泛。 例如，在南非几乎100%的井筒采用圆形混凝土井壁。而且几乎所有井筒毫无例外地达到最高的凿井速度。 除了凿井速度快外，，还有许多其它优势。 圆形混凝土井壁做井筒指甲其强度系数最高，风流特性最好，与任何井壁形式相比其维护量最小。混凝土井壁容易拆除并改装成另一种提升布置方式，或改为风井而不影响围岩状态。这类井筒对涌水的控制或封堵容易的多。与大多数其他类型相比，这种井筒的事故较少，万一发生事故，修复也容易得多。在某些特殊的情况下，也采用方形或椭圆形混凝土做井壁的井筒。尽管方形井筒的成本与圆形或椭圆形相仿，但其强度不如圆形或椭圆形井筒。椭圆形井筒具有良好的强度系数，需要分开风流时采用这种形状。但起凿井费用比圆形的高。
(4 )喷浆或喷射混凝土井壁——有一些井壁采用喷浆或喷射混凝土井壁。这类井筒的罐道一般用锚杆固定。如果井筒完成后并能不需要罐道，那么凿井时可采用钢丝绳罐道。
巷道支护
过去，框形或多节木支架是大家熟悉的唯一支护井下巷道的方法。随着坑木的减少，宽翼缘型的出现，钢材，作为一种结构支护材料，迅速的取代了坑木。最近锚喷支护也列入矿山实用支护方式。不论锚杆还是喷射混凝土（包括喷浆及喷混凝土在内）一英尺巷道的支护费用一般比金属支架要低。有时两者同时采用，其费用也比金属支架省。
(1)金属支架——金属支架通常由两节组成，每节包括一条棚腿和半截拱。同样两节相对立好之后，在拱顶用螺栓对接。金属支架的尺寸取决于岩石的性质和地压。一般地说，小断面巷道采用4英寸或5英寸金属支架，间距为1.5—4英尺；中断面巷道采用5~6 英寸金属支架，间距为1.5—4英尺；大断面巷道采用6~8英寸金属支架，间距2~5英尺。对于全部采用锚喷支架的工程，只是在断层和严重破碎或软岩地带才需用金属支架。根据需要，金属棚子还必须铺以木档块及木背板。一个标准掘进班组架设一架金属棚子，需时20~40分钟。
(2 )锚杆支架——现在通用的能张紧的锚杆有许多多种，其主要区别在于，拧紧螺帽使锚杆张紧之前，在孔内固定锚头的胀圈结构的不同。最适合某种岩石的锚头形式要经常做试验来确定。软钢金属锚杆的直径至少应为1英寸，长度应为10英尺（巷道断面要足以允许使用这样长的锚杆）。安装锚杆时应认真研究岩石节理的规律。锚杆的布置要大致均匀有规律，使锚杆张紧之后能与围岩构成一个相似的拱形结构，以承受作用在巷道上的外部压力。在起拱线以上整个巷道顶板锚杆的平均间距在最小约12平方英尺/根，最大25或25以上平方英尺/根之间变化。由普通掘进班组安装锚杆时，一个标准掘进班组通常在30至40分钟内可安装锚杆，一个小时也许只能平均安装两根。
(3 )喷射混凝土——喷射混凝土或喷浆，这种把混凝土或砂浆直接喷到拱形巷道顶板岩石表面的方法正迅速地被公认是一种效率高而又经济的巷道支护方式。只要喷上的混凝土能附着相当时间达到初凝强度而不陷落，此方法在各类软、硬岩石或硬土上均可用。有许多促凝剂可到初凝。混凝土的喷射厚度为2~6英尺。干法喷射的效果通常比湿法好，因为可以喷、得厚一些，可以采用较大粒度的骨料（最大为0.75英寸），每台喷嘴的小时生产率较高（一个小时达5立方码）。喷射混凝土在经济上常具备的优点之一是可在装岩的同时，向巷道顶板喷混凝土，从而缩短完成整个“循环”所需用的时间。
木支架
掘进中也许需要支护巷道顶板和两帮的支架。传统的方法通常是掘进时先架设临时木支架，然后换成永久支架或衬砌。永久支架也可用坑木。
坑木作永久支架时应该很好地晾干并用防腐蚀剂处理。木支架不用专用的工具或设备就能方便地就地加工很快地架好，通过局部不良地层掘进时，用木材作临时支架，容易截割和加工，适应各种需要。
木棚是由几根坑木构成、横截巷道断面的支架。小断面巷道最常用的是三个构件组成的棚子，由一根顶梁（横梁或棚梁）架在两个棚腿上组成。棚腿倾斜度是每英尺1—1.5英寸，这样的斜度除非侧压力太大及底板松软，一般能防止棚腿底部向里推移。棚腿一般为硬木，圆形，小头的最小直径为5英寸。顶梁最小厚度一般为5英寸，宽度6—8英寸。背板一般厚2英寸，两帮和顶板上可铺也可不铺背板。
在膨胀岩层中两棚腿底部一般有“偏坡底撑”以防止棚腿移动，底板易隆起的地方，可采用反拱支架。巷道的悬顶（或顶板）如果做成拱形往往比较稳定，特别是在宽巷道中更是如此。只有顶板需要支护而两帮坚硬的地方，可以省去棚腿，拱梁则固定在起拱线处的梁窝中。支架木料的尺寸和棚架间距取决于巷道的断面和所需承受的压力。在膨胀岩层中，背板不要铺得太密，相邻背板之间应留一定间距，以释放低压。
装设木支架的常规工序和速度主要取决于支架在工作面后面应保持多近的距离。如果每进一个循环需要立即支护，那么架设支架就成为掘进循环的一部分。爆破后的第一道工序是撬落顶板上的浮石；在松软的地层中，利用前探梁、滑梁或类似的装置以支护最后一架棚子前面的顶板，以便装岩时保护工人。一个循环的矸石装完后，就架设新棚子，必要时用楔子固定并装上背板，并为新的循环安装好凿岩机。这种工序显然会减慢掘进速度，但是除非岩层条件太差需要才用前探板桩法或其他方法，一般坑木可标准化，并采用常规作业。作业开始之前，将所有材料和器材运到工作面，可加快速度；工人应携带整架棚子、角楔、木楔、背板和工具进入工作面。支护工作落后于工作面过远的地方，一般需要专业支架队。利用适当的工作台进行支架工作，可不影响掘进工作。如果采用移动式工作台，其台面有几架棚子长，其高度又能让矿车从底下通过，则对掘进工作会有好处的。
附录2
GROUND SUPPORT FOR SHAFTS AND TUNNELS
In the USA, brick, stone and cast iron shaft linings are rare; formerly, timbering was almost universal but concreting and steel framing are increasing in use. Choice of support depends on ground and water conditions, shape of shaft and cost of materials.
(1)Timber Sets——Until relatively recently, most rectangular shafts have used square-set timbering for ground support and compartment division .Size of the timber used and set spacing is dependent on ground conditions encountered .The disadvantages of timer sets are the cost, strength , short life and fire hazard involved. In swelling ground timbering fails slowly and with ample warning .in most cases , a concrete collar is poured at the start of a shaft to tie the sets in and provide a good bearing for the shaft-timbering installation .Timber sets usually are hung from the preceding set with steel hanging rods .After the set is in place , the posts are inserted and the hanging rods are tightened up . The lagging is placed in around the sides of the shaft.
(2)Steel Sets-Steel sets sometimes ate used instead of timber. Wood lagging generally is employed in conjunetion. The laggling can be placed in the web of the steel sket very quickly and effectivelt. Properly designed steel sets go in faster and more accuratelt than wooden sets, as they can be bolted together and lined up perfectly when assembled.
(3)Concrete Lining-Circular concrete-lined shafts are more and more used today. For example, in South Africa, almost 100% of the shafts installed are circular concretelined .Also almost without exception, the best sinking time is achieved. Besides the good sinking rate, there are numerous other advantages. The circular concrete section provides the greatest strength factor for ground support ,the best air-flow characteristics, and by far the lowest maintenance of any shaft type. It can be stripped easily and changed to another hoisting configuration, or to a ventilation shaft, without disturbing ground conditions. Water can be controlled or sealed off much easier in this type of shaft. There are fewer wrecks in this shaft than in most other types, and rehabilitation can be accomplished much easier if they do occnr. In some special cases concrete-lined shafts of a square of elliptical shape are used. Although the cost is similar, the square shaft does not have the strength of either the circular of elliptical. The elliptical shaft has a good strength factor and is used where split ventilation is required. It is, however, more expensive to sink than a circular shaft.
(4)Gunite or Shotcrete Lining——There have been some shafts sunk using gunite or shotcrete for wall support. The guides in this type of shaft usually are not required in the completed shafe, the rope guides could be used in sinking.
GROUND SUPPORT FOR TUNNELS
In former years, the square or segmented timber set was the only known method for supporting underground excavations. As timber become more scarce and wideflange steel shapes made their appearance, steel rapidly displaced timber as a structure-support material. More recently, rock bolting and pneumatically applied concrete have been added to the list of practical ground-support media. Either rock bolting or pneumatically applied concrete concrete usually cost less per linear foot of tunnel than steel ribs . Sometime the two are used together and still show a saving over steel ribs.
(1)Steel Rib Support-Steel rib sets commonly are fabricated in two pieces with the side leg and half of the arch in each piece. The two identical pieces are stood up and bolted together at a butt joint in the crown . Size of steel required will depend upon the nature of the rock and the pressure being exerted by the ground . Generally speaking, a small tunnel section will require a 4-or 5-in .rib with spacing of 1(1/2)to 4ft; medium-sized , 5-to 6-in. rib with spacing of 1(1/2) to 4 ft; large, a 6-to 8-in.rib with spacing of 2 to 5 ft. On a project where full utilization is being made of rock bolting and pneumatically applied concrete, steel rib supports need be used only in fault zones and through stretches of badly broken rock or soft ground. Supplementing the steel rib, timber blocking and lagging must be installed as required. A standard tunnel crew usually erects a set of steel in 20 to 40 min.
(2)Rock Bolting –A number of types of tensionable rockbolts presently are available , differing mostly in the arrangement of the expandable device which anchors the end of the bolt to the rock prior to applying the tension by tightening the nut. Experimentation frepuently is necessary to determine the type of anchor most suitable to a particular formation of rock. Mildsteel bolts should be at least 1 in. in dia and 10 ft long, provided the tunnel is large enough to permit insertion of rods of this length. Rockbolts must be installed with careful consideration for the jointing pattern of the rock.. They must also be installed in a more or less uniform and regular pattern so that when tensioned they will, with the surrounding rock,proce a homogeneous arch structure against the external stresses acting upon the excavation opening. Average spacing of the rockbolts, throughout the roof of the tunnel above the spring line, will vary from a minimum of about 12sq ft of rock per bolt to a maximum of 25 or more. When rockbolts are installed by the regular tunnel crew, a standard tunnel crew usually will install the bolts required for one full round of advance of 8ft in 30 to 40 min. If a two-man crew alone is installing bolts, they probably will average two bolts per hour.
(3)Pneumatically Applied Concrete—Shotcret or gunite, applied directly to the rock surface of the arched tunnel roof, is rapidly becoming accepted as an effective and economical means of ground support. It can be used in all types of fair to poor rock or firm earth provided the material will stand up without caving for a sufficient time to permit the sprayed concrete to gain its initial strength. Accelerating additives are which, when added to the concrete at the spray nozzle, will cause initial set to occur within 3to 10 min. after the mortar has been applied. The concrete is applied in thickness of 2to 6 in. Dry-process application usually proces better results than the wet process because it permits the placing of thicker layers, uses larger aggregates (maximum, 3/4 in.) and usually achieves a higher proction rate per hour per nozzle (to 5.0 cu yd. per hr). One of the economies which frequently can be achieved with pneumatically applied concrete reflects the fact that it can be applied readily to the tunnel roof ring the mucking cycle, thereby shortening the total time required to complete the “round”.
TIMBER SUPPORT
Supports for the tunnel roof and sides may be required while driving. Conventionally, temporary timbering is often used ring driving and replaced later by permanent supports or lining. Permanent supports may be of timber too.
For permanent support, timber should be well seasoned and treated with preservative. It is easily framed on the job and quickly erected without use of special tools or equipment. For temporary support, in local stretches of bad ground while advancing the heading timbers are readily cut and framed to suit requirements.
Timber sets comprises several timbers forming a framework across the tunnel section. The commonest form for narrow tunnels is the 3-piece set, consisting of a cap (crossbar or header) supported on two posts. The batter of the posts is 1 to 1.5in per ft, which is usually sufficient to prevent the bottoms of the posts. From pushing inward unless side pressure is excessive and the bottom soft. Posts are usually of hardwood, round, with small end 5-in minimum diameter. The minimum thickness of the cap is usually 5-in with width from 6 to 8 in. Lagging, usually 2 in thick, may or may not be set on the sides and top.
In swelling ground the timber set usually has :batter blocks” to prevent the displacement of the posts; where the bottom tends to heave, an inverted arch set may be used. The back (or roof) of the tunnel often stands better if arched, especially in wide tunnels. Where only the back requires support and the walls are strong, posts may be omitted and the arched timbers set in hitches out at the break-line of the arch. Size of timbers and interval between sets depend upon size of tunnel and pressures to be withstood. Swelling ground should not be close-lagged, but spaces left between adjacent pieces of lagging, through which pressure can be relieved.
Routine and speed of timbering depend largely on how close the timbering must be kept behind the face. If each round of advance must be supported at once, timbering becomes a part of the driving cycle. The first step after blasting is to scale the back; and , in loose ground, to hold the back ahead of the last set by forepoling, sliding booms or similar means, to protect men while mucking. After the round is mucked, the new set is erected, blocked in place and lagged if necessary, and the drills are set up for the new round. timbers can be standardized and a regular routine followed. Speed is gained by baving all materials and supplies at the face before work begins; timber for a compete set, blocks, wedges, lagging and tools, should be brought in with the crew. Where the timbering lags a considerable distance behind the face, a special timber crew is usually employed. With suitable scaffolding, work can proceed without interfering with driving operations. A movable scaffold, with a working deck several sets long and high enough to allow the tunnel cars to pass under it, may be advantageous.
抱歉 我也没找到！！你乱编一个吧
㈦ 翻译参考文献
1.Cappelli E孙俐。钻石形核、长大在不同的刀具材料pre-treatments影响底。钻石Relat事宜;5(3 - 5年276-80):《.2Sha学组。在细胞表面的化学pre-treatments WC-15-wt % Co对钻石涂料。在:15 - Plansee研讨会,Reutte(2001年,奥地利,第490-7 p。2,3,6,7,11,14]。3.Buck v孙俐。化学pre-treatments影响硬金属基质的钻石沉积。15日的产生与智力Plansee研讨会,Reutte、奥地利2001年,第537-48 p。2,3,6,7,11,14]。.4.St。Feistritzer。涂多相身体;我们03020997博览会上,3月13日,2003年。5.Saito Y孙俐。金刚石薄膜结合力对硬质合金插入。钻石Relat 1993;2:1391-5事宜。[6]陈L孙俐。坚硬的金属或cermet身体和方法生产美国专利一样,我们6,506,226一月十四日,2003年。[7]是已有学组。中山17:3106-12 1982年),页[J].。[8]Erinski·d·Untersuchungen药物洗脱支架的Werkstoffgefuges窝当之无愧的Zerspanverhalten·冯·Al-Si-Gusslegierungen;这在RWTH亚琛研究所硕士论文(1990年)。
㈧ U型板弯曲模有哪些外文参考文献
哥们，你还留有U型板弯曲模的设计吗？看到消息麻烦你回个消息给我！
㈨ U型钢支架又叫U型钢棚，型号常用的有25U 29U 36U，但是加工一架的成本怎么合算
当然是根据你的图纸呀！型号不同，选用的材料不同，还有他们的材质也不同，你不说，谁知道呀
㈩ 求一篇关于机械方面的中英文对照论文
管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers
6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support
管托 shoe
管卡 clamp
U形夹（卡） clevis
锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis
支耳；吊耳 lug; ear
耳轴 trunnion
止动挡块 shear lug
托座 stool
托架 cradle
带状卡 strap clamp
夹板，导向板 cleat
可调夹板 adjustable cleat
角板；连接板 gusset
筋；肋 rib
支承环 ring
加强板 stiffiener
底板 base plate
顶板 top plate
翅片式导向板 fin
预埋件 embedded part; inserted plate
垫板（安装垫平用） shim
锚固件；生根件 clip
预焊件(设备上) clip (on equipment)
聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate
连接板 tie plate
连接杆 tie rod
限制杆 limit rod
带环头拉杆 eye rod
连接杆 connecting rod
杠杆 lever
支撑杆 strut
定位块 preset pieces
间隔管（片、块） spacer
滑动吊板（吊架顶部用） sliding traveler(for hanger)
滑轮组 tackle-block
钢索，电缆 cable
木块 wood block
鞍座 saddle
裙座 skirt
软管卷盘（简） hose reel
管部附着件 pipe attachment
6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support
支承架 resting support
滑动架 sliding support
固定架 anchor
导向架 guide
限制性支架；约束 restraint
限位架 stop
限位器 stopper
定值限位架 limit stop
二维限位架 two-axis stop
往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop
定向限位架 directional stop
吊架 hanger
弹簧架 spring support
弹簧托架 resting type spring support
弹簧吊架 spring hanger
恒力吊架 constant hanger
重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger
弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger
弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support
滚动支架 rolling support
弹簧支撑架 spring bracing
减振器 snubber
液压减振器 hydraulic snubber
减振装置 damping device
缓冲简（器） dash pot
刚性吊架 rigid hanger
6.3 标准及通用型支架
标准管架 standard pipe support
通用管架 typical pipe support
悬臂架 cantilever support
三角架 triangular support’
支腿 leg
Ⅱ形管架 Ⅱ-type support
L形管架 L-type support
柱式管架 pole type support
墙架 support on wall
可调支架 adjustable support
管墩，低管架 sleeper
特殊管架 special support
管道支吊架图 piping support drawing
6.4 管架安装
背至背 back to back
钻孔 drill
长孔 slot; slot hole
放气孔；通气孔 vent hole
灌浆；水泥砂浆填平 grouting
组装；装配 assembly
攻螺孔 tapped.tapping
自由滑动 free to slide
跨度 span
对中心；找正 alignment
切割使适合 cut to suit
修饰使适合 trim to suit
伸出长度（指预埋螺栓） extrusion
液压试验中，对试验液体要求是：试验液体一般采用水，需要时也可采用不会导致发生危险的其它液体。试验时液体的温度应低于其闪点或沸点。奥氏体不锈钢制容器用水进行液压试验后应将水渍去除干净。当无法达到这一要求时，应控制水的氯离子含量不超过25mmg/L.
试验温度：
1． 碳素钢、16MnR和正火15MnVR钢制压力容器液压试验时，液体温度不得低于5℃，其它低合金钢制容器液压试验时液体温度不得低于15℃。如果由于板厚等原因造成材料延性转变温度升高，则需相应提高试验液体温度。
2． 其它钢种制容器液压试验温度按图样规定。