㈠ 园林论文参考文献,急急急!!!谢谢
中国绿化网找去
㈡ 求两个关于园林树木的国外参考文献
Temporal and spatial variation in garden and street trees in six eastern Australian cities Original Research Article
Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 101, Issue 3, 15 June 2011, Pages 244-252
J.B. Kirkpatrick, G.D. Daniels, A. Davison
Litterfall and nutrient return in five tree species in a common garden experiment Original Research Article
Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 257, Issue 10, 30 April 2009, Pages 2133-2144
Karin Hansen, Lars Vesterdal, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Per Gundersen, Lisbeth Sevel, Annemarie Bastrup-Birk, Lars Bo Pedersen, J
㈢ 居住小区园林绿化 参考文献都有那些啊
例如北京地区:
《城市居住区规划设计规范》
《城市道路绿化规划与设计规范》
《园林基本术语标准》
《公园设计规范》
《北京市城市绿化条例》
《北京市城市园林绿化用植物材料木本苗》
《北京地区地下设施覆土绿化指导书》
《北京市大树移植技术规程》
《北京市绿化植物保护技术规程》
《北京市垂直绿化技术规程》
《喷灌工程技术规范》
《居住区绿地设计规范》DB11/T214-2003;
《城市园林绿化工程施工及验收规范》DB11/T212-2003;
《城市园林绿化养护管理标准》DB11/T213-2003;
《城市园林绿化用植物材料木本苗》DB11/T211-2003;
《喷灌工程技术规范》GBJ85-85;
《建设工程施工现场供用电安全规范》GB50194-93;
《施工现场临时用电安全技术规程》JGJ46-2005;
《北京市绿化条例》等等。
这个需要看你是哪个地区,招标文件上面是如何要求的,然后再根据图纸、施工工艺、施工内容等,进行详细参考。
㈣ 有关中国古典园林起源的参考文献,帮忙推荐几本!
中国造园史
中国古代苑囿
造园史纲
中国园林史
中国古典园林分析
㈤ 南越国的皇家园林的参考文献
知网上有几篇相关的,我网络HI 你
[1]李聿川,崔志民,何民本. 掀起岭南古文化的盖头——记南越国王宫御花苑遗址发掘[J]. 科技潮,2000,(10).
[2]高大伟 ,岳升阳. 南越国宫苑遗址文化价值的研究[J]. 古建园林技术,2005,(2).
[3]冯永驱,陈伟汉,全洪,李灶新. 广州南越国宫署遗址1995-1997年发掘简报[J]. 文物,2000,(9).
[4]曾玲,刘管平. 从南越国御苑遗址考古发现谈秦汉时期园林的特点[A]. .[C].: ,1999:271-272-273.
[5]孟兆祯. 同臻千古风景之胜 独创盛世园林之新——赞建国六十年来的广东园林[J]. 广东园林,2009,(4).
[6]孟兆祯. 同臻千古风景之胜 独创盛世园林之新——赞建国六十年来的广东园林[J]. 广东园林,2009,(S1).
[7]王兆东. 岭南园林文化特色研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2010,(32).
[8]本报记者李明. 南越国宫署将建世界级遗址公园[N]. 深圳特区报,2006-06-18(A14).
[9]曹劲. 南越王宫苑遗址与日本早期造园共同特色初探[J]. 古建园林技术,2008,(3).
[10]刘庆柱. 评《南越宫苑遗址——1995、1997年考古发掘报告》[J]. 考古,2009,(12).
[11]本报见习记者 张奇锋. 南越王宫:曲水流觞的千年皇家园林[N]. 广东科技报,2010-11-19(015).
[12]梁明珠. 广州古迹旅游资源开发新探[J]. 经济地理,2000,(6).
[13]陆琦,郑洁. 广州古园林札记[J]. 南方建筑,2001,(4).
[14]陆琦,郑洁. 广州古园林札记[A]. .[C].: ,1999:126-127-128-129-130-131.
[15]邹伟初. 广东古代造园史概述[J]. 广东史志,2003,(3).
[16]陈小媛. 从画像石及南越王宫署看汉代园林[A]. 顾森,邵泽水,傅国亮.高等教育出版社(Higher Ecation Press)[C].: 高等教育出版社(Higher Ecation Press),2008:88-89-90-91-92-93.
㈥ 园林本科毕业论文怎么写,任务书怎么下手,哪里可以找到参考文献。。。。。谢谢
我也是这个园林专业的,去年写的论文,记得当时还是找 轻风论文网的老师帮忙的,很不错,从开题报告到最后的修改定稿,帮我省了好多事,老师一会让我改 任务书,一会让我给他看修改的稿件,轻风论文的 王老师都不厌其烦的帮我弄好,搞得我都不好意思了。如果想咨询这方面的文章,可以参考下哦。~嘻嘻..
㈦ 园林毕业论文的参考文献
看一下《中国园林》,再查资料找一下一些前沿的东西,你会有新发现
㈧ 求一份园林或者景观相关的外文参考文献,2000字,英文中文都要那种。
1\Designing your own panorama, could be each exciting and challenging. If you are contemplating such a mission, listed here are some practical ideas and suggestions.
Planning the Project
Planning your landscape design is the first and most vital step. Take the time to assemble the data you will want to make your decisions on the weather you wish to include in your landscape design. Will you want a deck, patio, foot paths, walkways, a pond? What sort of plants, timber, flowers, and ground cover will you want to use? You need to research books, articles, and landscape design magazines that will help you make these decisions. It will pay off in the end by saving you cash, time, and frustration, enabeling you find yourself with a beautifully completed mission to be proud of.
The Design
The landscape design is your subsequent step. You will need to make a structure of the realm to be landscaped, as close to scale as possible, and with accurate measurements. Many landscape design planning guides that provides you with step-by-step instructions can be found on the internet without spending a dime, and books or eBooks are abundant. As soon as your panorama design structure is done you’ be able to started to position your components on the layout pad. This should be your first or preliminary plan and as you progess, modifications will be transfered to your secondary or updated plans. Altering your thoughts usually is simply fine. After all this is just on paper at this point and you haven’t spent any money or performed any labor yet. Experimenting with a few plans is critical before you come up the final landscape design. A properly planned landscape won’t ever look the same in numerous seasons. Plan your panorama design to change with the seasons. You must try to design your landscape as maintenance free as possible.
Panorama Design Software program
If it is onerous for you to visualize your finished panorama design by simply taking a look at your format, there is some excellent landscape design software available. A lot of the landscape design software was originally developed for skilled landscapers, however since has been modified for the beginner who needs to do-it-themselves. There are a lot of do-it-yourslef panorama design software program applications out there today. Panorama design software permits you to see a digital picture of the landscape design and allows you to transfer gadgets round and see the changes you make come to life. Some software means that you can import a photograph of your property or constructing and designs the panorama across the photo. Most landscape design software packages offer advise on using and putting the numerous completely different components obtainable right now in your landscape design. A properly designed panorama will all the time change with time, abd a number of the landscape design software program obtainable will mean you can view your panorama because it matures. You may see what it’s going to seem like 5 or 10 years from now when the bushes have grown and the plants matured.
Gardens
Many people prefer to incorparate a garden of their landscape design. Gardens may be tucked away in the nook of an space, or be the point of interest of the entire panorama design. Gardens can even be stragecly positioned among the plants, flowers and trees so they mix in with your entire landscape design. If you like to backyard, dont overlook all of the garden design possiblities when planning your landscape design.
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2\
We are all ready to invest large amounts of money on landscaping in order to give a face lift to our homes. But we didn’t prune enough or at all when our lawn needed it, making our prized lawns and gardens looking worse than ever. This is the best time to start getting ready and preparing your lawn for beautiful success. For your garden to have a longer life span, take the following tips into consideration.
Plenty of indivials would love to have a garden that has a lot of stunning hydrangeas or azaleas growing beautifully. This particular goal takes a good deal of time and effort, nevertheless, so if you’re amongst those indivials who would like to achieve it, you’ll need to work very hard beginning right away.
Fundamental Garden Landscaping
Starting small is without doubt the method to use, particularly if you happen to be a beginner in this particular craft. One of the things you should focus on to start with will be the choice of plants you want to cultivate, i.e. flowers, trees, or maybe even vegetables. It is clearly sensible to decide on plants that do not need an excessive amount of maintenance but when you are confident enough in relation to your gardening skills, roses, orchids, and bonsai trees offer great options.
Getting the soil ready is very important to ensure that you will be able to grow beautiful things in your garden. Using organic fertilizers often is the preferred strategy to use since they will not present any kind of threat to the environment or to human health. Becoming acquainted with different kinds of organic fertilizers such as horse manure or steer manure can enable you to do a good job in preparing the garden soil for great growing conditions.
Structures and Decor
Naturally, a vibrant and nicely decorated lawn is really what you’ll want which involves various garden landscaping options including water fountains, fencing, and lighting. The strategy is to integrate as much of your own personality into your design so as to make it a little haven that is not just lovely to view but also is a quintessential reflection of you.
Outdoor furniture is a very common garden landscaping feature which also happens to be very useful. When you have the area to hold a complete set, you might as well go for it, especially when you want to have a proper place for your guests ring the day if the sun is out but it is not too hot.
Patio and Garden Lighting Fixtures
Adequate illumination can be a large part of designing your garden. The patio is where it all begins so you might wish to buy a good set of sconces or wall lights which illuminate the area and highlight its naturally beauty. Garden lighting is encouraged not just for functional purposes but also for displaying the best features of the space even at night.
Upkeep
To be able to continue to keep the garden in excellent shape, it is crucial to understand its needs like routine and controlled watering, tilling, mowing, and weed removal. Watering needs to be season and weather appropriate because gardens that are way too dry or too wet will never flourish so make sure that you adjust appropriately.
Mark Vaccaro researches and writes extensively on the best practices in online marketing. Some articles that I recommend reading can be found on the topics of path to financial responsibility and learning spanish
㈨ 求一篇3000字左右,关于“园林绿化”的论文!
浅谈城市园林绿化中的植物造景
摘要:园林植物是重要的造园要素,在造园中具有任何要素不可取代的“造景”与“生态”双重功能。本文从我国园
林植物造景历史探源入手,研究了城市园林绿化中的植物造景的原则及基本方法。
关键词:园林植物;植物造景;原则;方法
1园林植物造景的概念莲,太液池岸有竹数十丛。宋、元、清初时期为我国园林
园林植物造景是在园林造景艺术指导下,在满足园林的成熟前期,造园时对植物的选择栽植,利用园林植物造
植物生长发育要求的基础上,充分利用各种园林植物(包景已形成其独特的风格。造园时十分注意利用绚丽多彩、
括乔木、灌木、花卉及草坪、地被植物等)作为主要构千姿百态的植物,且注意一年四季的不同观赏效果,临水
料,以建筑、山石、水体为点缀配合,充分发挥植物本身植柳,水面植荷渠,竹林密丛等植物配置,不仅起绿化作
形体、线条、色彩等自然美,通过设计、选材、配置,建用,更多的是注意观赏和造园的艺术效果。《洛阳名园
造出符合总体规划的景观,以达到发挥其不同功能,形成记》中记载归仁园:“……北有牡丹、芍药数千株,中有
多样化景观,供人们观赏。园林植物造景是园林规划设计竹千亩,南有桃李弥望……”,说明此园为一个花簇锦
的重要环节,是园林建设的根本精髓。绣,植物配置种类繁多,以花木取胜的园子。清朝中叶和
植物在园林中有构成优美环境,渲染气氛,衬托主景清末随着园林的日趋成熟,造园时对植物的配置及造景作
的作用,能创造出充满生机的绿色自然景观。植物的自然用,积累了许多丰富的经验。纵观中华民族数千年的文明
生长规律形成了“春天繁花盛开,夏季绿树成荫,秋季硕史,中国长期发展遗留下来的特有的园林文化,为现代园
果累累,冬季枝干苍劲”的特定景观。园林植物不仅给人林植物造景艺术留下了宝贵的艺术素材。
以环境舒适,赏心悦目的物境感受,还可使不同审美要求3现代园林植物造景的发展趋势
的人产生不同的审美心理的思想内涵。3.1更加注重生态效益和生态景观
2我国园林植物造景的历史在自然界中,植物群落所创造的生态效益最高。因此
我国最早的园林形式是囿,出现在殷商时期,它是将植物造景中应尽量多用群落栽培,并遵循自然群落的发展
一定地域加以范围,让花草果木、鸟兽鱼虫滋生繁育,并规律。设计者从丰富多彩的自然群落的组成、结构中借
挖池筑台,以供帝王贵族狩猎、游乐,后来统称园囿,以鉴,才能在科学性、艺术性上获得成功。不再单纯追求艺
后则发展为以种植观赏花木为主的园苑。据载:吴王夫差术效果和刻板的人为要求,而是按照植物的习性要求去营
曾造梧桐园(今江苏吴县),会景园(今浙江嘉兴),“穿沿造一个符合植物自然生长发育规律的群落,以便更好地发
凿池,构亭营桥,所植花木,类多茶与海棠,”这说明当挥植物的生态效益和景观效益。
时造园及植物配置己具相当高的水平。3.2植物造景功能多样化
屈原《离骚》记载有:“朝饮木兰之坠露兮,夕餐秋由于植物材料的丰富多彩,其应用范围也日益扩大,
菊之落英”,这里已明确提到木兰与菊花已成为观赏植从传统的建筑物周围种植、假山上种植,发展到行道树、
物。《汉书》记载:“秦为驰道于天下,东穷燕齐,南极绿篱、广场遮荫、空间分割等;从传统的花台发展到花
吴楚,江湖之上,滨海之观毕至,道广五十步,三丈而坛、花境、室内花园、屋顶花园、温室等造景方式,极人
树,原筑其外,隐以金锥,树以青松”。魏晋南北朝时,地丰富了植物景观。现代园林的使用者为广大人民群众,
随着自然山水园林的出现,人们对植物在园林中的造景也是一种公共空间。传统的一石一木、诗情画意己不适合人
愈加讲究。西晋大官僚石祟的金谷园,园内树木繁茂,植们的欣赏口味,而开阔的疏林草地、城市广场、森林公园
物配置以柏树为主调,其他的种属则分别与不同的地貌相则更加受到现代人的喜爱。
结合而突出其成景作用,如前庭配有沙棠,后园植有乌3.3草坪、花卉大量应用
柏,柏木林中梨花点缀等。隋唐时期是我国封建社会的兴西方古典园林中草坪、花卉、雕塑的大量应用,成为
盛时期,同时也是园林的全盛时期。在唐明皇的宫苑中,其区别于东方古典园林的标志。而随着东西方文化的相互
植物配置合理,如沉香亭前植木芍药,庭院中植千叶桃交流与渗透,这种差别变得愈来愈小,也更符合人们的欣
花,后苑有花树,兴庆池畔有醒醉草,太液池中栽千叶白赏水平。现代园林中草坪、花卉的大量应用已成为一个发48
展趋势,而且新品种不断推陈出新。格相协调,对植物的形态、色彩都要认真考虑。如古建筑
4园林植物造景的基本原则屋角起翘,外观庄严,宜用高大乔木;北方古建筑红墙黄
4.1根据生态学原理,适地适树瓦,色彩浓重,多用松柏树种为基调,叶色浓绿,树姿雄
任何造景植物都不能脱离生存环境而单独存在。温伟,与古建筑风格相协调;岭南建筑以体量轻巧、空间通
度、水分、光照、土壤以及空气等环境因素制约着植物的透、色彩淡雅为人们所喜爱,建筑旁用翠竹、芭蕉、棕榈
正常生长发育。不同的环境因子对植物个体的发育及生态科植物配置,与水、石组合形成一派南国风光。
习性有明显的影响。环境中各生态因子又是相互联系、相5.2主次分明,疏密有度
互促进、相互制约的,在景观环境中常常是多个生态因子园林植物造景时要主次分明,讲求疏密有度,师法自
共同作用于植物,单个生态因子的作用只有在其他因子的然,避免人工之态。“先面后点,先主后宾,远近结
配合下才能显现出来。只有在深入了解植物的特性和种植合”。从整体考虑,大局入手,然后再考虑局部穿插细
地的环境后,才能合理地进行配置。因此,植物的生态学节,做到“大处添景,小处添趣”;同时植物配置时,还
特性是植物造景的理论基础之一。要考虑一个景区内树木搭配协调,要与原有树木有机组合
4.2根据植物配置的美学原理优化组合,创造不同环境气氛好,与相邻空间或远处的树木、背景及其它景物彼此相互
植物造景是自然景物在某一空间经过人工组合的配呼应,取得艺术构图上的完整性。
置,寓情于景,以引起人们生理上的愉快、舒适的反应,5.3利用植物的季相变化,丰富园林景观
从而达到情感和精神上的超脱。植物单体和群体的组合景依据植物季相演替的时序景观,是园林植物配置的一
物,可以使人们欣赏到植物姿态美、色彩美和风韵美。园种手法。在植物配置时,可根据不同叶色、花色、花期互
林植物配置的美学原理是指植物景观设计必须具备科学性相衬托,显示出季相变化的艺术效果。园林植物总的配置
与艺术性两个方面的高度统一,即既满足植物与环境在生效果是二季有花,四季常绿,突出一季景观的同时要兼顾
态适应性上的统一,又要通过艺术构图原理,体现出植物其它三季,避免单调、造作和雷同,形成“春季繁花似
个体以及群体的形式美及人们在欣赏时所产生的意境美。锦,夏季绿意盎然,秋季叶色多变,冬季银装素裹”,景
植物造景运用统一与变化、对比与协调等美学原则,采用观各异,近似自然景观,使人们感悟大自然的生命及其变
有障有敞、有透有漏、有疏有密、有张有弛等造景手法,化,有一种身临其境的感觉。园林树种的季相变化,在增
创造富有季相色彩变化并具有丰富园林空间的人工生态植强景观效应的审美情趣中具有突出视觉功能的作用[11]。
物群落,给人以美的享受。5.4模拟植物的自然生态群落,注意层次
4.3根据植物生态群落要求合理搭配群植的植物群落可以在园林中作为背景、衬景,在自
植物的群落现象与动物的“社会性”是相当类似的。然景区中亦可作为主景。群落不但能形成景观艺术的效
植物离开了群落,生态适应性也就会下降,也不利于病虫果,也可改善生态环境。在配置时必须考虑到保持群落的
害的防治。植物是造景设计的主要材料,因此必须从丰富长期稳定性。由乔、灌、花、草共同组成的自然式植物群
多彩的自然植物群落及其表现的形象中汲取创作源泉,必落,植物的高低大小,颜色的浓淡,枝叶的疏密,经过精
须遵循自然植物群落发展的规律。自然植物群落的组成成心搭配,使之达到疏密有致的层次变化,形成优美的自然
分、外貌、季相、群落结构、垂直结构与分层现象,群落植物景观。
中各植物种间的关系等,都是植物造景中栽培植物群落设5.5注意空间的节奏韵律感
计的科学性理论基础。掌握自然植物群落的形成和发育,植物造景时应充分考虑园林植物在空间上的立体感和
及其生态群落的特性和生长规律,做到合理搭配,才能达树形轮廓,通过错落有致的种植,合理利用起伏的地形,
到植物造景预期的艺术效果。在空间上使曲折迂回的林缘线、林冠线产生高低错落的节
4.4统筹安排,全面兼顾奏韵律,形成景观的韵律美。
植物配置,个体与群体,局部与整体的协调统一尤为6结语
重要,否则杂乱无章,破坏景观的整体效果。还要兼顾近园林植物造景是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分,它不
期与远期相结合,生态效益、经济效益、社会效益相结合仅关系着城市绿化的景观效果及综合效益的发挥,而且与
等原则。真正做到以人为本,创造出宜人的景观环境。城市的植物多样性保护和景观多样性息息相关。汲取中外
5园林植物配置的基本方法造园艺术的精华和生态学、美学等相关学科的知识,科学
5.1因地制宜,合理布局地进行园林植物造景,建设地方特色鲜明、生物多样性丰
《园冶》云:“插柳沿堤,栽梅绕屋”,“风生寒富的城市园林绿化景观,是促进城市园林绿地系统健康、
峭,溪湾柳间栽桃,月隐清征,屋绕梅余种竹”,这儿均持续发展的重要途径。
涉及到在什么场合适合配置什么样植物的问题。植物与园参考文献:
林建筑配置,能起到丰富构图,烘托气氛、形成对比、相[1]牛晓成.中国园林植物造刍议[J].安徽农业大学学
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渗透的作用,并用来分隔构成空间。“花间隐榭,水际
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亭”,“围墙隐约萝间,架屋婉蜒于木末”。园林建筑
[3]王磊.植物造景的基本原理及应用[J].林业科技开
掩映于高低错落的树丛中,使人产生“览而愈新”欲观全发
,2003,17,(5):71~73.
貌而后快的心情。在配置时植物种类的选择,应与建筑风[
4]安怀起.中国园林史[M].同济大学出版礼,1991.