㈠ 求一篇5000字以上的毕业论文有关交通规划的
城市道路交通管理规划与研究
摘要：城市道路交通管理规划是城市可持续性发展的前提和基础，本文分析介绍了我国城市道路交通管理规划的现状，阐述了交通管理规划的目的、内容、层次及过程，论述了交通需求预测的分析方法及其相应交通需求模型在交通管理规划中的应用。
关键词：城市道路交通 管理规划 交通需求
1.道路交通管理规划现状
西方国家城市交通系统发展经历了两个阶段，即建设阶段：二战后至二十世纪70年代；管理阶段：二十世纪80年代至现在。重点在公共交通系统、小汽车发展、单项交通、交通信号控制以及道路的有效利用等多方面进行交通管理规划。
目前我国城市交通发展的历程相当于西方国家的60～70年代，与发达国家相比，城市机动车密度还比较低。尽管如此，由机动车引发的环境污染问题和城市交通堵塞问题也很严重。这充分说明了我国在道路交通管理方面还存在体制上、行政上和技术上的问题。
随着全国城市道路交通畅通工程的深入开展，许多城市的交通状况得到了很大的改观，而且一系列先进的交通管理设备和先进的管理模式被采用，取得了很好的效果。如厦门、大连、南京、青岛、济南、杭州等城市的交通管理工作均很有成效，先后被评为畅通工程“优秀管理水平”。
取得成绩的同时，我们还要清楚地认识到，目前我国城市交通管理总体水平与畅通工程要求还有一定差距。在2000年全国“畅通工程”工作组检查的138个城市中，42个城市的交通管理规划工作只达到畅通工程11项要求中的5项要求，20个城市仅满足4项要求。由此可见，我国在城市交通管理规划方面远远滞后于现代道路交通发展的要求。
城市网络很复杂，交通的运行很复杂，产生交通问题的因素也很复杂，相应制定的城市交通管理方案往往由多个管理策略、管理措施组合而成，任何一个建设或管理措施的实施都会引起整个城市路网上交通运行情况的改变。如将一条路的某个路段改为单行道或单双号通行、将交叉口的类型改变（无控制改为信号控制）、将某路段改为公交专用道、打通某条路或拓宽某条路等，都会引起整个城市80%～90%以上的主要道路交通流量和车速的改变。因此，交通管理问题是一个系统工程，必须用科学的方法解决，常用的经验性的方法是不能完全解决的。因此交通管理需要做规划，实际上，目前一些城市所实施的有些管理措施，都是做过规划的，只是不太系统、全面而已。
为了改变当前城市交通管理规划滞后的局面，哈尔滨工业大学、清华大学、同济大学和东南大学等高校以及公安部交通科学研究所、中国城市规划设计研究院等部门正致力于部分城市的道路交通规划编制工作，为提高我国道路交通管理水平作出应有的贡献。
2.道路交通管理规划基本内容与方法
2.1 道路交通管理规划的目的
道路交通管理规划的目的是解决要不要管、什么时间管、怎么管、管什么地方等问题。通过规划，人们能预先知道管理策略实施后的效果，避免由于盲目管理而带来政策上的失衡和经济上的巨大损失。
2.2 道路交通管理规划的基本内容
道路交通管理规划的工作内容主要包括：
（1）城市道路交通现状调查
应调查、搜集的资料包括：交通小区划分及小区经济、土地利用资料、交通网络结构及道路几何要素资料、历史道路交通量及流向资料、居民出行特征资料、机动车出行特征资料、货物出行特征资料、现有交通管理设施及效果资料等。在这方面，由于交通调查面广，调查工作量大，资金投入多，因此，有的城市交通规划编制单位，甚至有关政府部门领导对基础数据调查工作不够重视，认为只要在原有交通规划资料搜集的基础上，作些补充调查即可，以致于规划方案与现实脱节，其针对性和可操作性差。这是一种极为错误和片面的观点，应引起有关部门的高度重视。
（2）现状分析与问题的诊断
从道路基础设施状况、土地利用与公共交通、交通管理设施及现代化程度、交通秩序、交通质量及交通安全以及交通管理体制、政策、规划及宣传教育等方面对城市道路交通及管理现状进行分析、诊断。
（3）城市交通需求分析
通过交通需求模型的建立和计算（具体模型及方法将在下一节讨论），获得交通管理规划方案实施（评价）年份的各车种（客车、摩托车、公交车、出租车、货车、自行车）的OD矩阵，为后期交通规划提供规划依据和参数。
（4）城市交通管理方案的制定
一个城市的交通管理方案，往往是由多种管理策略和数种管理措施组合而成的。一般包括交通需求管理策略，如优先发展策略、限制发展策略、禁止出行策略、经济杠杆策略；交通系统管理策略，如结点交通管理、干线交通管理、区域交通管理。
（5）城市交通管理方案的评价
通过方案评价，分析交通管理措施是如何影响交通流的，预测交通管理措施实施下的交通运行指标，分析是否达到了管理目标。
交通管理方案的评价可按道路网络抽象化、交通管理方案抽象化、交通流重分布模拟以及管理效果分析四个步骤进行。
3.交通需求模型的建立及发展预测
交通需求预测是城市道路交通管理规划工作的基础，要做好一个城市的交通管理规划，首先要对出行进行定量预测，并对某一交通设施或系统进行分析、论证，各个路段、路口以及整个路网的通行能力都必须满足现状、近期或远期出行的交通需求，因此只有搞好流量预测才能了解该路网能否满足该城市的出行需求，并由此加以改善。
3.1 出行生成预测
居民出行产生预测的目的是建立小区居民出行发生量和吸引量与小区土地利用、社会经济特征等变量之间的定量关系，推算规划年各交通小区的居民出行发生量、吸引量。出行产生包括出行发生与出行吸引。居民出行产生预测的方法很多，常用的方法有交叉分类法、回归分析法、生成率法、吸引率法及平均出行次数法等。
居民出行分布预测是将预测的各分区出行发生量、吸引量转化为未来交通分区之间的出行交换量的过程。预测方法大体分为三类，即：增长率法、概率模型法和重力模型法。其中，双约束重力模型法在国内外交通规划中使用最为广泛。
3.2 交通分配预测
在掌握各分区出行产生、出行吸引，以及出行分布情况后，即知道了各分区之间有多少出行交换量后，就可着手进行交通分配。交通分配就是把各分区之间的空间 O-D量分配到具体的交通网络上。通过交通分配所获得的路段、交叉口交通量资料是检验道路规划网络是否合理的主要依据之一。目前，道路交通管理规划中应用较广泛的交通分配是随机用户平衡模型(Stochastic User Equilibrium)。该模型建立了路段行驶时间与路段交通量之间的函数关系，并考虑了通行能力的限制，通过反复迭代计算，直至达到要求的精度为止，最后分配出各路段上的交通量。
3.3 停车需求预测
世界上许多大城市均对停车需求预测进行过深入研究，由于各国国情不同、城市发展形态不同、经济增长不同，停车预测模式也不同，其计算方法差异较大。常用的预测模型有：停车生成率模型、用地与交通影响分析模型、相关分析模型、机动车OD预测模型、交通量-停车需求模型、静态交通发生率模型。下面对应用较为广泛的静态交通发生率模型和交通量-停车需求模型作一简要介绍。
（1）静态交通发生率模型
根据停车调查数据汇总可得到各交通小区的日停车数，再根据停放车辆车型比例换算为标准车，利用综合交通规划中社会经济与土地利用现状及发展预测所提供的现状和近、远期规划年的就业岗位数，抽取一定的样本，可建立静态交通发生率模型：
Pij=∑aiLij （i=1，……，m j=1，……，n） （1）
式中：Pij为预测年第j交通小区的基本日停车需求（标准车次/日）；ai 为第i类用地的静态交通发生率（标准车次/100工作岗位·日）；Lij为预测年第j交通小区第i类用地的就业岗位数（人）；n为小区数；m为用地分类数。
对模型的求解采用非线性优化的方法，即建立非线性优化模型：
式中参数意义同前。
（2）交通量-停车需求模型
通过对几种停车需求预测方法的比较可知，该模型虽不能具体得到区域内每一土地使用的停车设施需求量，但由于它与动态交通的预测方法相结合，因此比较适用于对交通小区的宏观停车需求分析。因此该模型可用来检验静态交通发生率模型的计算结果。
模型表达式为：
logPi=Ao+A1·logVki+A2·logVhi （3）
式中：Pi为预测年第i交通小区的日停车需求量（标准车次/日）；Vki为预测年第i交通小区的客车日出行吸引量（标准车次/日）；Vhi为预测年第i交通小区的货车日出行吸引量（标准车次/日）；Ao、A1、A2为回归系数。
参考文献：
1.庄严、罗辑.促进城市交通发展、走城市交通可持续发展之路. 交通工程通讯，2000（2）
2.盖春英、裴玉龙.基于公路网的路段交通量预测方法研究. 交通工程通讯，2001（2）
3.王炜、徐吉谦、杨涛、李旭宏.城市交通规划理论及其应用. 南京:东南大学出版社,1998.
4.TransCAD Transportation GIS Software (Travel Demand Modeling with TransCAD 3.2)，1999.
5.Meyer D. Urban Transportation Planning. McGraw-Hill Book Company，1984.
㈡ 城市规划毕业论文毕业论文,怎么写创新点，从哪里做起
同学，如果你抄还没动袭笔开始，最好还是自己先了解下怎么写，看看自己有没有时间跟精力去写，最主要的还是时间的问题 。觉得一时也完成不了，再找人帮忙，我去年毕业的时候主要是没时间去弄，后来直接在闻闻论文在线辅导老师帮我解决，我觉得还不错，反正答辩都通过了。
jekyaeup看下吧afzbxgxyps
㈢ 求城镇规划毕业设计总结报告
就业杂样
㈣ 那位高手能帮我下载几篇关于“城市规划评估”类的博士论文，或者提供知网免费密码跪谢！
[email protected]密码1234567d
知网的密码只能通过学校的网络使用，其他的网络不好使的
㈤ 城镇规划与建设这类的毕业论文怎么写可以得优秀
我写的《城市规划中的文化发展策略研究》，通过城市绿地、水系、公共回空间等要素有效整合文答化遗产、文化设施、文化创意产业集聚区和各功能区,构建文化发展的整体网络。文化网络的建设中强调打造重要文化节点和文化旗舰,建设文化地区。
开始也感觉很难的，也是同学发我的莫‘文网，确实很霸道啊，没几天就帮忙搞定了
㈥ 求毕业设计--城市规划类 外文文献
推荐到OA图书馆查询。
输入英文关键词。
㈦ 跪求: 城市规划专业 的 外文论文
1 defers to "the State Council about To strengthen City and countryside To plan Management by supervision Notice" (country to send the [2002]13 number) and "the Ministry of construction <the State Council about Strengthens City and countryside about the Implementation Realization To plan Management by supervision Notice> Notice" (constructs the gauge [2002]204 number) the request, for the standard our province each kind of urban planning compulsory content, the basis ministry of construction "Urban planning Compulsory Content Temporary provisions", formulates this regulation.
1.1 establishes the urban planning compulsory content the guiding ideology is: The realization science development view, the implementation “four insistences”, namely the insistence economic development is a center, persisted serves for the most general populations, persisted the sustainable development, persisted realistic, emphasizes the actual effect, does what one can.Regulates and stops each kind effectively the construction development behavior which does not adapt with “four insistences”, guaranteed city each kind of resources the reasonable use, guides our province urbanization the healthy development.1.2 urban planning compulsory content, is refers to in the cities system plan, the city overall plan, the city detailed plan involves the region coordinated development, the resources use, the environmental protection, scenery scenic spot aspect and so on resource management, nature and cultural heritage protection, public benefit and public security contents.
The urban planning compulsory content is the cities system plan, the city overall plan, the city detailed plan necessary content.
1.3 urban planning compulsory content must conform to the country, province each kind of related standard, the union local urban planning management technology stipulation research formulation.
1.4 cities system plan, the overall plan already authorized, had to supplement consummated the compulsory content.The new establishment plan, specially the detailed plan and the near future will construct the plan, will have to be clear about the compulsory content.Must have the accurate mark on the blueprint, has in the text is clear about, the standard indication.
The urban planning compulsory content is carries on the surveillance inspection to the urban planning implementation the basic basis.The plan definite compulsory content needs to announce to the society.
2 cities system plan compulsory content:
2.1 needs to protect strictly region and control development region and control target.2.1.1 nature protection areas:
Is clear about the nature protection area branching location, the protectorate rank and the main protection object, delimits the nature protection area scope demarcation line.The natural conservation regionalization divides into the core area, the buffer and the experimental plot, is clear about the limit and the prohibition development construction content, the plan control standard as well as the management measure correspondingly.
In the core area the strict prohibition each kind of engineering construction and proction management which has nothing to do with with the resources conservation.
In the buffer may be engaged in by the authorization, the non-destructive scientific research, the teaching practice and specimen gathering.Does not have to construct any proction facilities.
In the experimental plot may be engaged in by the authorized scientific experiments, the teaching practice, the visit inspects, the traveling, as well as the domestication, the reproction rare and precious, is in imminent danger activities and so on wild animals and plants.Does not have to construct the pollution environment, the destruction resources and the landscape proction facilities.
2.1.2 scenery scenic spot area:
Is clear about the scenery scenic spot area branching location, the nature, the main function and the scenery scenic spot area rank, delimits the scenery scenic spot area scope demarcation line.Delimits the core protectorate (including ecology protectorate, natural landscape protectorate and historical site protectorate) the extent of protection, is clear about the protection key and the protective measures.According to “the strict protection, the unification management, the reasonable development, continues forever uses” the principle, is clear about in the scenery scenic spot area the limit and the prohibition development construction content and the management request.
In the core protectorate the strict prohibition each kind of engineering construction which has nothing to do with with the resources conservation.In the scenic area, the classical botanical garden and in the periphery control area, does not have to construct the instry and mining enterprise, the warehouse, the hospital and so on has nothing to do with and the destruction landscape with the scenery and the tour, the pollution environment, the hindrance tour project and the facility.
Delimits in the scenic area scope and the plan in the natural environment retention region, does not have the newly built guesthouse, the boarding house, the country club, the sanatorium organization, the management structure, the quarters and other big-scale work facility.
If any new items of basic construction nature, the layout, the building modelling, the amount of space occupied, highly and the color and so on, should locate the environment coordinates.
2.1.3 other ecology sensitive areas:
Is clear about the large-scale lake, the wetland, the water source protectorate, divides the flood detention area, takes back from agriculture also the forest (also grass, also lake) the area, the basic farmland protectorate, the underground mineral resource distributes the area and so on each kind of protection and controls the region the position and the scope.Is clear about the related local protection and the government goal, the control target, the limit and the prohibition development construction content.
In the region development, avoids the ecology sensitive area as far as possible, reces to the wild animals and plants destruction, completes the conservation of water and soil work, enhances the afforested coverage fraction, guaranteed certain water surface rate, the enhancement wetland protection, does not have to rece the ecology sensitive area the area.
Should take the protection measure to the water resources, the control shore water district construction, carries out aspect the strictly and so on water pollution preventing and controlling and water source water quality protection stipulations.
Does not have to destroy the ecology sensitive area the flood prevention, drains waterlogged land ability and from only ability, does not have to destroy the biological resources and the ecological environment.
In ecology sensitive area any construction, must control severely, maintains the natural style environment, the maintenance ecological equilibrium.
2.2 regional characteristic significant infrastructure layout:
Is clear about the regional characteristic significant infrastructure the position and moves towards, the corresponding control standard.
The regional characteristic significant infrastructure must be clear about the coordinated request with each related city relation, controls the correlation to use.2.2.1 is clear about the highway, the level road, the second-class road, the region track transportation (city border railroad, region passenger transportation track transportation) the trend; Is clear about the harbor, the airport, the physical distribution center position.
2.2.2 is clear about the large-scale hydro-junction project, the region flood prevention, the flood detention backbone project position, the region water supply, the accent water project trend; Is clear about position which the regional power plant, 500KV (or 300KV) the transformer substation, the natural tire valve stand, 500KV (or 300KV) high tension grid and natural gas branch tube trend; Is clear about the regional information key position the position, the communication line trend.
2.2.3 is clear about the neighboring city to be connected the waters the water environment function control request and the related target; Is clear about the city intake, the city sewage discharge outlet controls the waters scope, the regional characteristic altogether constructs the water works, the sewage treatment plant, the large-scale garbage disposal plant position; Is clear about the regional characteristic each kind of infrastructure the protection request.
3 city overall plan compulsory content:
3.1 is clear about the limits to have to protect and the control development region strictly.Including: Scenery ecology sensitive areas and so on scenic spot area, large-scale lake, wetland, water source protectorate, basic farmland protectorate, underground mineral resource distributed area.
3.2 urban constructions use:
3.2.1 is clear about in the plan time the urban construction with the place development scale, the development direction, in the limits plan time the urban construction uses the place the scope;
3.2.2 uses according to the construction to appraise the determination land use restrictive regulations, delimits the land use restrictive district demarcation line;
3.2.3 is clear about city each kind of park and the green space position, the scope and the index of correlation and the plan request.
3.3 city infrastructure and public service facilities:
3.3.1 is clear about the city primary and secondary yang or male principle trend, the city track transportation line trend; Is clear about the railroad and the station yard, the harbor, the airport, the mass transit key position, the large-scale parking lot position.3.3.2 is clear about the city intake and the protectorate scope, the power plant, the 110KV above transformer substation, the natural tire valve stands, the large-scale fuel gas gas storage stands as well as facility and so on trash and sewage treatment positions; Is clear about for the water and the draining water branch tube, the natural gas branch tube trend, the position, the underground utilities common ditch moves towards and the influence scope, the high-pressured power line corridor, the microwave channel and receives the sending a letter area extent of protection.
3.3.3 is clear about the culture, the information, the ecation, the health, the sports and so on each kind of public service key facility scale, the position and the related technical specification and the plan request.
3.4 historical city protection:
3.4.1 determination historical city protection general goals and protection key.Overall considered the old city the protection, manifests specifically in the historical river lake river system, the traditional spool thread, the old city city gallery, the building highly, city aspect and so on landscape line, old tree famous wood protection requests and the concrete control target, the stipulation.
3.4.2 is clear about all levels of key cultural relic preservation organ, the historical culture protectorate, the historical architectural complex, the important underground cultural relic disposal area concrete position, the demarcation line.Delimits the extent of protection, the construction control region, is clear about the protective measures, the control target and the stipulation.
3.5 city disaster prevention project:
3.5.1 is clear about the city flood control standard, the flood-dam trend.
3.5.2 is clear about the city earthquake resistance and the fire prevention disperses the backbone channel.
3.5.3 city main civil air defense facility, fire facility position.
3.5.4 is clear about the geological disaster to protect the stipulation.
3.6 cities will construct the plan in the near future:
3.6.1 will be clear about the city to construct key and the development in the near future uses the scale.
3.6.2 will be clear about the near future to construct uses the place the concrete position and the scope.
3.6.3 is clear about controls and guides the urban development the stipulation.
3.6.4 delimits the land use restrictive district demarcation line and historical control areas and so on culture protectorate, scenery scenic spot area, is clear about the corresponding plan measure.4 city detailed plan compulsory content:
4.1 controllability detailed plans is clear about the division to be possible to use in developing the construction directly the land parcel, stipulated various land parcels use the nature, the building density, the building control highly, the volume fraction, the green areas coverage rate, the parking berth and other need disposition targets and so on public utility; Carries out the city “four” the plan control content, proposes maintenance main public space aspect and so on environment quality, visual landscape control as well as historical culture protection in view of the specific land sector plan requests.
4.2 construction detailed plan concrete determination plan construction, green space, path, square, parking lot, river lake water surface position and scope; Is clear about the road junction coordinates, the elevation, each kind of municipal administration public facility pipeline position, caliber, major control point elevation, as well as related facility and construction position.
5 plan planning board when establishes various levels urban planning must rest on the ministry of construction "Urban planning Compulsory Content Temporary provisions", the standard compulsory content, and to plans the achievement to take the comprehensive technical responsibility.
6 urban planning administration department responsible for the work provides the plan design conditions, the examination items of basic construction, the no violation whatsoever will permitted urban planning compulsory content.7 adjusts the urban planning compulsory content, must organize to prove, the adjustment necessity to the plan examination and approval institution proposed the report on a special topic, in which involves the public rights and interests, must carry on male shows, only then carries on the adjustment after the examination authorization.After the adjustment plan must defer to the stipulated procere to examine and approve.
中文版他们要钱.....对不住了