Ⅰ 论文外文翻译.(我这有范文,帮我翻译就OK了)
Summary
This thesis is about investigation, which is with the help of the logic of management science and sociological science methods, of general current situation of sports management in our country.
Through correlative research and comparing, we can see that the officers strongly affect the sports management system, furthermore, the human resource of the officers is in low efficiency. This is a key point which can be turned to a blind eye, especially, under the trend that our country is developing very fast nowadays. The low efficiency is a problem we must keep on paying attention. Therefore, aiming to this view, this thesis will introce some discovery and analyzing based on both aspects of impersonality and self-management. As last, some helpful advice and solving schemes will be introced.
体育系统:sports system
体育系统现况:current situatioon of sports system
研究调查: investigation
Ⅱ 需要英文范文
这一共是7个题目啊。。。真是不好找啊。。。楼主加分!!!
还有追加最多貌似是200,你怎么能一道题加50啊?一共350呢~~
Responsibility
In this world we have many different responsibilities. Now I just want to talk over a man’s responsibility. I think a man should have three basic main responsibilities.
The first responsibility is, a man should be responsible for his country and the society he belongs. Because you are a citizen of your country and you are living with other people in the society. Your country and society offer various purposes for everybody. In my opinion a man should be loyal to his fatherland. You must believe that your fatherland becomes very strong, your rights are protected, and you feel proud and blessed that you are a citizen of your fatherland. Protecting your fatherland is a man’s responsibility.
The second ty is responsibility for your family. Your parents give your life, they spent many energy and time to painstakingly care for you. So I think a Chinese man has to have a ty for his wife and his children. The society gives a man this ty that you should protect and take care of your family. I strongly believe that you make your family to feel happy, you will become happy. A happy family is a man’s source of fulfillment.
The last responsibility is a man should be responsible for himself. Without a doubt, a man should be responsible for himself that he does become a mature man. A mature man has many responsibilities, if a man can’t control himself or can’t be responsible for himself. How do we expect him to be loyal to his homeland? How does he make his family happy? So a mature man should know what things are correct, what things are wrong. What is his long term goal or short term goal? How does he achieve his goals?
Now China is developing rapidly, people of societal values are changed bit by bit. Many people prepare themselves in the complicated world. So I hope every man can take his own responsibility!
Enterprising
In one picture, a flower grows in a greenhouse and is in full bloom in spite of the outside rain. But in the other, the flower, moved outside and without the protection of the greenhouse, is withering in the thunderstorm. The two pictures show us that the flower, which is raised in a greenhouse and carefully protected, cannot stand natural wind and rain at all.
It is most likely that the drawer means to compare children in our country to the flower in his drawings and reflect a problem in the present ecation of our children. For one thing, nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always try their best to meet the children
Ⅲ 英语范文
healthy lifestyle
We believe that health care consumers should be able to make ecated choices about their health, and should have the tools and resources necessary to be a full participant in their health care team. Learning to balance our physical, emotional, spiritual, social, and intellectual health and wellness needs is extremely complex in today’s social environment.Health is more important than wealth.Everyone wants to keep healthy.It is necessary for us to have a healthy lifestyle.I think I am pretty healthy.I always go to company on foot.I think walking is good exercise.I seldom eat candy.It is bad for our teeth.I usually sleep for 8 hours every night.A good sleep can keep me active ring the daytime.I often eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.Eating them is good for our health.I always hve breakfast in the morning.Breakfast can give me energy.So you see, I take good care of my health.My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
This is my way to keep healthy.I hope that all people can have a healthy lifestyle like me!
我们认为,医疗保健消费者应该能够接受教育的选择他们的健康,而且应该有工具和必要的资源,充分参与他们的卫生保健队伍。学习如何平衡我们的身体,情感,精神,社会,和智力的健康和福利所需要的是极其复杂的在今天的社会环境。
健康是最重要的财富.每个人希望保持健康.我们必须有一个健康的生活方式.我认为我非常健康.我总是步行去公司.我觉得走路是好的锻炼.我很少吃糖果。这是坏我们牙齿.我通常睡眠8小时每晚.A良好的睡眠可以让我在白天有活力.我往往
吃大量的水果和蔬菜.这对我们的健康很好.我每天都吃早餐.早餐可以给我能量.所以你看,我照顾好我的健康的生活方式,帮助我取得好成绩。
这是我的保持健康的方式.我希望所有人都能有一个健康的生活方式,和我一样!
How to keep healthy
如何保持健康
In order to eat healthily, I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like French fries or cookies. I also eat
为了保持健康,我经常避免吃高脂肪食物,如炸鸡腿或煎饼,但我也吃少量的肉
little meat. I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins.
我经常吃富含大量维生素的食物,像蔬菜,新鲜水果等。
Taking exercise every day helps us build a strong body. Regular exercise is an important part of
每天做锻炼帮助我们形成强健体魄,有规律的锻炼对保持健康很重要
keeping me healthy.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy. These
通过合理的饮食和锻炼,我保持了很好的心情,就像我的身体一样。
things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them. I think a strong will is necessary if
这些东西看起来很容易做到,但是很多人不能掌握它。我想如果我们想保持健康,坚定地毅力是不可缺少的
we want to keep healthy.
下面这个不翻译了,你可以自己参考参考,然后练练手吧,自个儿翻译翻译
The definition of “Healthy Life Style” include a positive living attitude towards life, eating a balanced diet, exercises regularly, which is three to five times a week with at least thirty to forty-five minutes per session. Regular social interactions and regular physical check-up. I would like to add on enrichment personal knowledge in the list.
All of us are very busy every day. Students are facing a piling up of home works and assignments. Blue collars and white collars rush to working places and offices. Traffic jammed, unsolved problems, frustrations, new challenges. Stress became the first thing in the morning. We have forgotten our own needs as human being, until the alarm of our biologic clocks been trigger off. We finally realize that we should have done a little more for ourselves earlier. Because we have ignored what our body tells us, so we paid a higher price.
It is not too late to start our plan. We can not avoid our problems every day, but we can change our ways of thinking. We could take our routine work as physical exercise. For example, I have to take couple of hours to clean my house per week. Whenever I do, I either switched on the music or sang songs loudly. I felt that I could finish my routine work faster in a happy mood. I took turns to use my arms to clean my bathroom wall, which is exactly the same exercises for shoulders. I guess I will never have to see orthopedic doctors because of my frozen shoulder when I reach that particular age.
Ⅳ 英文信件范例
Dear XXX,
Long time no see,how are you now?
..........(你来所要叙源述的事情)
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,(或者sincerely,)
XXX
Ⅳ 英文书信范文
你好,很高兴为你解答:
英语书信范文
Dear Editor,
I'm a senior high school student named Li Hua. Now many students have iPads and think it's a fashion to use them.
......
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅵ 英文范文
It is reported that over 100000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. What should the volunteers do and what should they not do?
Firstly,they should be polite and friendly to the athletes and visitors from all world,and avoid improper behaviour. Secondly,they should stick to their posts,offering good services,satisfying any reasonable needs and being ready to help those difficulty,and never fail to do their ty. Thirdly,they should introce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better,and never say or do anything that harms the image of our motherland.
If I have the honour to be chosen as a volunteer,besides the above,I will work hard and creatively,but never be lazy,I will follow the law and discipline,but never break them,I will take the opportunity to make friends with the athletes and visitors,and help make the 2008 Olympic Games a great success.
Ⅶ 寻求英语例文
奥运演讲稿范文
[范文一]
China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as THE origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today
With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay.
I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.
Thank you. Thank you all.
[范文二]
I was born in Beijing and live in Beijing, and I love Beijing very much. When I heard that Beijing will have a chance to hold the 2008 Olympic Games I feel very happy and excited, and I hope I can do something useful to build Beijing into a beautiful and energetic city.
I n the twenty-first century, environment is becoming more and more important, so we have Green Olympic as a slogan. Of course slogan is just a goal, the most important thing is we should do some things to make it true. Such as assort the trash, save the energy and so on. We are still students now, so we cant do anything really big. But if everybody does something good for our environment we could make Beijing more beautiful.
In fact the things we can do are easy. Like not littering the useless batteries everywhere, assort the trash which we want to throw away, and also protect the animals and plants around us, because they are important parts of the energetic Beijing.
Luckily I had a chance to take part in an activity that is we planted 5 trees in our campus. My classmates and I worked very hard. This activity doesnt only plant trees, but also contribute to our environment. Look at the trees, I believe, tomorrow there will be more trees and flowers standing in Beijing and give Beijingers a beautiful environment.
We are all Chinese people, live on the earth. We have only one capital, just like we have only one earth. If we dont beautify our environment, who will? Good environment depends on good human consciousness. We should say that protecting our
surroundings is not easy. Thats why Im standing here to summon people do it.
The 2008 Olympics games is coming, this is a chance for us to show the good environment we have to other people. If we do from the bottom of our heart, Beijings tomorrow will be more brilliant it will have blue skies, cleaner rivers. Who dont want Beijing to become more and more beautiful? If we do our best, tomorrow will be better!
Thanks
明天会更好
我是一个生在北京,长在北京的男孩。对这座城市有着深厚的感情。2001年北京申办2008奥运会成功,我感到无比的兴奋与喜悦并发自内心地希望可以为建设一个生态北京,办好一次绿色奥运尽自己的一份绵薄之力。
在经济飞速发展的21世纪,环境的好与坏逐渐成为了衡量一个城市优劣的重要标准。因此,我们有了绿色奥运的口号。当然了,口号是指导,最重要的还是要落实到行动当中。诸如垃圾分类,绿色能源,绿色发电等等等等,都是国家为打造生态北京、绿色奥运做出的不懈努力。当然,依旧是学生的我们或许无法做什么大事,但如果每一个人都有心去做一点,那么我们千千万万的北京学子们一定可以让北京美起来!
其实我们要做的也很简单:每当有用完的废电池不要乱扔,应集中交给回收站处理;每当有生活垃圾要扔掉的时候,应认真地进行垃圾分类,再扔进垃圾箱内;而且我们也应当学会保护身边的动植物,一花一草,一鸟一虫都是生态北京的一个重要组成部分。
非常幸运的我曾亲身参与过一次绿色活动。就在今年植树节前夕,我和全班同学一起在校园内种了五棵针叶松。那天风很大,同学们铲土的铲土,挑水的挑水丝毫不怠慢。我和组里的几个男生也运起力量将树苗放进挖好的坑里。十几分钟的时间树都栽好了。活动稍显短暂甚至有些仓促。但这不只是为给学校种几棵树。而是自己为了一方环境做出贡献,以自己的劳动给城市的绿色添上新的一笔。看着眼前的五棵树牵手,我坚信,明天必将有更多更高大的绿树矗立。这片绿色会从我们心底延伸出去,覆盖我们的北京城使它充满活力,生机勃勃。给绿色奥运一个美丽的环境,给我们北京的居民们一个美丽的环境。
亲身经历讲完了,最终的目的其实还是希望大家--每一位中学生都应该在心里树立一种主人公意识!我们都是中国人,生活在共同的神州大地上。首都只有一个,正如地球也只有一个,不去美化他们,还有谁值得我们为之付出?美好的自然环境是建立在优质的人文环境基础上的。每一个人主人翁意识的形成和综合素质的提高其实都是在为我们北京的环境打下基础,人文环境越来越好,自然环境必将随之好上加好!当环保不再只是纸上的两个字,不在只是一句空洞的口号时。是否每一个人都还有喊口号时的那份热情,真的愿意弯下腰拾起路边的垃圾,真的能握住手中的废纸坚持走道垃圾箱旁再放下,或是为自己身边的花花草草着想,不随意践踏了他们。我们不得不承认这不容易,这或许也是我之所以站在这里的原因,去说,去号召并以自己的光彩感染别人。
2008奥运将至,这是我们向世界展示环保成果的一次机会,也是对我们环保的一次考验。要如何去把这个绿色奥运办的名副其实,让全世界为之赞叹,需要我们每一个人的努力!只要我们用心去做了,北京的明天一定会更加美好,这里的天会更蓝,水会更清,处处闻啼鸟不会只是意境,群星拱月之美,也将不只是想象。这样的北京谁不想要!只要我们人人都付出了努力,北京的明天会更好!
谢谢。
北京市海淀外国语实验学校
******
[范文三]
年前北京着手申办2008年北京奥运会开始,2008年北京奥运会这个话题就一直备受关注。目前关注的焦点已从申办之初许下的诺言转移到如何真正履行诺言。在我看来,要跨越诺言与现实之间的鸿沟,北京还有很长一段路要走。
The 2008 Olympic Game has been the most discussed and anticipated event through out Beijing ever since Beijing bid for it years ago. Yet the focus has shifted from making a promise to making good a promise after Beijing’s successful bid. In my opinion, to bridge the gap between a promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. Here are some of my ideas on how to fill that gap.
首先,在所有亟待解决的问题中,跨越英语口语这一难关至关重要。学会一门语言的关键在于坚持不懈。我们到能不能做到让大多数国人在2008年到来之前都学会说英语?这一问题需要我们不断努力和尝试。
First, the speaking of English is far most important than all other difficulties. Learning a language takes a long time and a lot of heart ship, it’s not easy. So can we get most of Chinese to speak English before 2008? It needs us to try and practice very hard.
迎奥运英语演讲稿范文
China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, People started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as THE origin of Ancient football. So now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today
With a concept inspired by the famed Silk Road, our Torch Relay will break new ground, traveling from Olympia through some of the oldest civilizations known to man-Greek, Indian and Chinese. Carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics. “ The flame will pass through Tibet, cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Travel the Great Wall and visit Taiwan and the 56 Ethnic communities who make up our society. On its journey, the flame will be seen by and inspire more human beings than any previous relay.
I am afraid I cannot prevent the whole picture of our cultural programs within such a short period of time. Actually, what we have shown you here today is only a fraction of Beijing that awaits you. Ladies and gentlemen, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.
Thank you. Thank you all.
[范文四]
奥运英文演讲稿
Good afternoon!
Before I introce our cultural programs, I want to tell you one thing first about 2008. Youre going to have a great time in Beijing.
China has its own sport legends. Back to Song Dynasty, about the 11th century, people started to play a game called Cuju, which is regarded as the origin of ancient football. The game was very popular and women were also participating. Now, you will understand why our women football team is so good today.
Cultural events will unfold each year, from 2005 to 2008. We will stage multi-disciplined cultural programs, such as concerts, exhibitions, art competitions and camps which will involve young people from around the world. During the Olympics, they will be staged in the Olympic Village and the city for the benefit of the athletes.
Our Ceremonies will give Chinas greatest-and the worlds greatest artists a stage for celebrating the common aspirations of humanity and the unique heritage of our culture and the Olympic Movement.
At last, I believe that Beijing will prove to be a land of wonders to athletes, spectators and the worldwide television audience alike. Come and join us.
Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you all.
奥运演讲稿中文翻译
译文:
你好! 在我介绍我们的文化节目之前, 我想首先告诉你一 件事大约2008 年。你将会去有了不起的时光在北京。中国有 它自己的体育传奇。回到宋朝, 关于第11 个世纪, 人们开始演奏赛 称Cuju, 被认为古老橄榄球的起源。这场比赛非常普遍并且妇女并 且参与。现在, 你了解为什么我们的女子橄榄球队今天很好。文化 事件每年将展开, 从2005 年到2008 年。我们将演出多被磨练的文 化节目, 譬如音乐会, 陈列, 艺术将涉及青年人世界各地的竞争对 手和阵营。在奥林匹克其间, 他们将被演出在奥林匹克村庄和这个 城市为运动员的目的。我们的仪式将给中国和世界的伟大人民, 最了不起的艺术家一个阶段为庆祝人类和我们的文化 和奥林匹克运动独特遗产的共同志向。最后, 我相信北京将被证明 是奇迹土地对运动员, 观众和全世界电视观众。来加入我.谢谢总统,谢谢大家
[范文五]
我们的奥运 ... 中文奥运演讲稿
演讲人:***
黄色,代表了北京,代表了我们,黄皮肤黑眼睛的炎黄子孙。北京,作为中国的首都,长期以来都是奥林匹克运动最积极的支持者和参与者。早在1991年我们就首次提出了申奥的请求,作为一个北京人,我永远不会忘记八年前在蒙特卡罗,2000年奥运会主办城的投票现场,投票前,由12名与我年龄相近的女孩代表北京演唱了《茉莉花》;那歌声很美,很动人。然而,我永远难忘的确是在北京落选时,她们放声大哭的情景。那一次,北京输了。但,我们从不曾放弃。正如奥林匹克精神所号召的那样“The most important thing is not to win,but to take part;Just as the most important thing in the life is not principle,but struggle。”北京有1500万市民,民意调查表明:支持申奥的占了94.9%。这个数字是惊人的,北京人申奥的热情,更是巴黎,大阪,多伦多或是伊斯坦布尔所望尘莫及。歌德曾经说过:“光有意志是不够的,我们必须见诸于行动。”作为一个发展中国家的首都,北京申奥的科技实力是引人关注的。那么,就让我们到北京城里看一看吧!磁卡电话遍布全市;高速公路四通八达;体育场馆引入纳米技术;交通管理实现电子监控。经过近10年的建设和发展,北京己经比首次申奥具备了更强的科技实力。 绿色,代表了环境,是地球村的色彩。科技一日千里的今天,人们并没有忽视对环境的爱护。在地球村的理念中,绿色是永恒的主题。近20年来,奥运也顺应时代,强调奥运与环境相结合。因此,北京要办的奥运是绿色的奥运。一方面,市民们自愿出力建设奥运林,为古长城增添新景,另一方面,政府投资修建“五河十路”绿色通道,为北京又添绿衣,到2000年为止,全市绿色覆盖率以达36%,人均公共绿地达9平方米。北京用双手建造了一个绿色的家园,更期盼一个绿色的奥运。
选择了色彩,或许有人会问我画面的内容。是这样的:2008,绿色的地球村将迎来又一个全人类的体育盛典,火红的圣火走进了一个古老的东方国度,届时,我们,所有的炎黄子孙将高唱同一首歌《NEW BEIJING,GREAT OLYMPIC》
体育就是沙场,需要紧守着傲气傲骨,报纸奉上的都是捷报,绝不递上降表。我们并非惟金牌论,所以每每为突破性的成就击节,比如男篮掀翻塞黑后,大鸣赞歌;我们不能容忍所谓阴谋与算计,于是对主裁花剑男团的黑心哨,大打出手,对应着郭兰英的唱词:若是那豺狼来了,迎接它的有猎枪。尽管那月那天往事如烟,成为日渐模糊的记忆碎片,像胜负未分的忐忑、气冲霄汉的豪情,或者是触及心扉的错愕,云云种种,都已远去。
直到现在,我们生存的媒体依然保持着奥运模式下的习惯,见美眉叫杜丽,逢帅哥唤田亮,赞美别人高效率的方法是:你的速度,很刘翔。
记得男子110米栏决赛时,凌晨2时,三十多个夜班编辑挤在休息室看直播,我被裹挟在里面,四周都是扑通扑通的心跳。漫长的12秒91过去,声浪瞬间爆发,我的同事合力发出山西晚报历史上最嘹亮的欢呼,“刘翔,刘翔!”我摸索出手机,给一个请假的同事打去,声音颤抖地说:“听听这珍贵的咆哮。”
离年终盘点也还有两个月,不知还有多少激昂将要见诸我们的报端。当2004年的回忆分支被条条框框成了大事记,或热血如同白云苍狗飘浮,也不能淡忘,红色八月。
Ⅷ 论文引用外文书籍,参考文献要咋个写,请给个范例
格式如下:
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码(可选)
其中参考文献类型:专著[M],论文集[C],报纸文章[N],期刊文章[J],学位论文[D],报告[R],标准[S],专利[P],论文集中的析出文献[A]
电子文献类型:数据库[DB],计算机[CP],电子公告[EB]
电子文献的载体类型:互联网[OL],光盘[CD],磁带[MT],磁盘[DK]
(8)外文范例扩展阅读:
其他类型参考文献写法:
1、期刊文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码
例:[1]何龄修.读南明史[J].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.
[2]OU J P,SOONG T T,et al.Recent advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems[J].Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361.
2、论文集中的析出文献
[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者(可选).原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码
例:[7]钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[A].赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集[C].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996.468.
3、报纸文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)
例:[8]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民日报,1998-12-25(10).
4、电子文献
[文献类型/载体类型标识]:[J/OL]网上期刊、[EB/OL]网上电子公告、[M/CD]光盘图书、[DB/OL]网上数据库、[DB/MT]磁带数据库
[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出版或获得地址,发表更新日期/引用日期
例:[12]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].
[8]万锦.中国大学学报文摘(1983-1993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国大网络全书出版社,19
Ⅸ 英文论文的详细格式
英文论文的详细格式:
一、标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。
如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。
二、提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言,提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。(内容基本与中文摘要相同,但不用完全逐句对应)。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页(1页即可),放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距: 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”,1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目: 使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要: “Absract”顶格,使用四号字,并加粗。
英文摘要具体内容使用四号字。
6、英文关键词: “Key Words”顶格,使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。
正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
五、文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。
引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。
六、文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:
目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
英语论文摘要又称文摘,是论文的重要组成部分,它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不需阅读全文,就可获得重要的信息。
摘要通常置于文题之后,文章之首。在论文发表后,论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词,并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
(9)外文范例扩展阅读:
发表论文作用:
论文是指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段,又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同:
1、评职称(晋升职称):研究生 毕业需要;教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时,发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。
2、申报基金、课题 :教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时,发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。
3、世界性基础领域的研究,比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究,公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。