『壹』 在吗！亲！英语论文的摘要和引言的区别
区别：
1）摘要是论文的缩影,高度概括论文的各个部分如目的,方法,结果和结论等,重点是结果和结论。读者不阅读全文也能获得论文的主要信息。
2）引言则是课题研究的必要说明,重点写选题的缘由,立题的依据,待解决的问题等。
3）从结构上,摘要是独立于文章之外的部分,是一篇完整的短文。
4）没有引言,文章结构就残缺,该研究的展开就显得突然、生硬,就不可能是一篇构思严谨,缜密表达内容的文章。
『贰』 英语论文中引言怎么写
怎么写论文里的introction部分？
榜样君非常直奔主题啊，其实写introction，是有步骤的！
第一步：初步构思你的introction，稍稍勾勒出来。
Read your main idea. Now, write a complete sentence about your main
idea.
第二步：扩充你的introction，记住写它是为了吸引读者注意！
Reread your introctory sentence. Add a one or two more sentences
explaining your main idea. Remember that the job of your introctory paragraph
is to get your reader’s attention.
第三步：写完正文后，再来改改改。
那具体，我们怎么写introction呢？有没有套路？
可以这么称呼：SPQR架构。
▼重点总需要个方框▼
SPQR架构
用于组织文章中的观点，对前言的展开和文章的整体架构具有很强的指导作用。
Situation 情景
这就是你对于这篇文章的topic，你首先很想勾勒的情景。
一般这个situation statement是平凡的，或者一个大家都普遍认可的大道理或者现象。这个点在于，你说的这个话，是感觉很正确的话——“truth
universally acknowledged的话。这样才能让老师和读者产生共鸣，给出hook，引人上钩，忍不住看。后面会有例子的。
Problem 难题
这个就是situation的引申。这个情景，有没有什么东西让它变得更困难，更复杂？
它有可能是因为：
有些事情是错的，而导致的。
有不同的声音或者阻扰。
一些新的变化或发展导致的
其他任何有可能的原因
那这个难题就会引到下面的question了。
Question 问题
这个问题就是你需要回答的essay question了，也就是你在这篇论文研究的主要问题。
有时候，你在想这个question的时候，就会跳回前部分的problem，然后再做调整。
而回答问题，就自然跳到下面的response了。
Response 回答
这就是你的essay statement或者thesis statement。对于前面的问题，你是怎么回应的。
榜样君知道你会觉得笼统，那下面，我们来看实例。
例如，老师要我们写的题目如下：
Discuss the
causes（成因）of
stereotyping（刻板印象/成见/陈规）in
the mass
media（大众传媒）. To what extent do
theyinfluencesocial
attitudes?
翻译成中文就是：
讨论在大众媒体中刻板印象的成因。他们在多大程度上影响社会态度?
榜样君之前推出过关于审题的文章，有需要的可以点击文章标题查看
审完题后，那你会怎么写introction呢？
我们试试用SPQR架构来写。
? Situation
情景
? Problem
难题
? Question
问题
? Response
回答
榜样君给一下比较好的答案（来自Alan Barker）
【Situation 情景】Steretypes
are extremely commonin British society. Nationality
and race, class, gender and sexual orientation are all subject to limited and
rigid social deions.
【Problem 难题】These
stereotypes have historically been perpetuated in te mass
media,particularly inthe tabloid press and television,
where situastion comedy has often depended on stereotypes for its
effects.
【Question
问题】Sociologists have gathered
evidence forthis process, and examined its causes.
【Response 回答: essay
statement】The most prominent
cause of stereotyping（这里是点题）appears to be the need for
media owners to mirror the values of their target markets. Through market
research, intervention in the creative process and audience evaluation, the mass
media can be seen to reinforce already exsiting stereotypes and perpetuate
them.
当然，上面的不是这么分段的，只是榜样君为了你们看得更方便，把这段introction分成了四段。
SPQR架构只是其中一种套路（方法）。不过确实非常好用。
如果你英文够好，你可以看看下面这个视频，视频9分30秒▼
视频：
看完之后，是不是对introction的写作感觉清晰多了？
好好写论文哈，榜样君支持你哦！下次再说说怎么写论文的正文啦。
作者：榜样君
出处：榜样网GETOP(bygetop)
References：
1.How to write an essay, 作者：Alan Barker
『叁』 求引言的英语翻译
If a man worked in the power of the government department or professional type to associate with government departments, so the accumulation of past relationships can become political capital for own use, makes it easy to obtain high income instry access permission or position. Thus we think if we had working experience in party and government organs institution, is thought to have high political capital. To illustrate the party membership by political capital rather than personal ability to influence income, this paper to control the variables and technical titles of personal ability, at the same time this paper argues that identity is the embodiment of the political consciousness of party members, and has no direct relationship between the indivial ability, therefore, in addition to the class level position and unit type, political identity can be used as a measure of another indicator of political capital. About political capital on the impact of personal income has made basic unified conclusion, in the labor market, political capital has increase employment opportunities, increase their income. Studies of political capital on the income gap are limited in the monopoly instries and monopoly instries, coastal and inland areas of the income gap discussion (li, 2007; li Ming, Li Huizhong, 2010; zhao wei, 1999), or to emphasize political capital as instry into the high income or get high income post barriers have the effect of the widening income gap (Chen Zhao Liu Ming, 2009), and there is no emphasis on the relationship between the political capital and income distribution, namely how to trigger the formation of the income gap. Compared with the existing political capital income differences affect a large number of research literature, in this paper, the human capital, family background and gender, region and so on has carried on the comprehensive control, to a certain extent, rece the political capital coefficient estimates e to the influence of some factors in the possible deviation; In addition, we tried to use the quantile regression analysis method to discuss the distribution feature of political capital and income distribution between political capital change trend in different quantiles income changes caused by the different characteristics of income and policy implications are completely different
『肆』 英文前言
推荐一篇来自Wiki的文章：
Computer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
The first device that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.[1] Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space.[2] Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers in various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devices — for example, they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to instrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.
『伍』 英语论文的引言
写作总体要求： (1)说明论文的主题、范围和目的。 (2)说明本研究的起因、背景及相关领域简要历史回顾(前人做了哪些工作?哪些尚未解决?目前进展到何种程度?等)。 (3)预期结果或本研究意义。 (4)引言一般不分段,长短视论文内容而定,涉及基础研究的论文引言较长,临床病例分析宜短。 写作禁忌 1)文不着题，泛泛而谈。 2)引文罗列，缺少分析和概括。 注意事项 古代文论中有“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”之称。虽然论文不强调文章开头象凤头那样俊美、精采、引人入胜,但引言是给读者的第一印象,对全文有提纲挈领作用,不可等闲视之。
『陆』 目录里面的 前言（序言）用英文怎么表达
前言（序言）的英文翻译有以下几种：
1、preface
英 [ˈprefəs] 美 [ˈprefəs]
n.序言，引语;开端，前奏;[宗]（弥撒的）序诵，序祷
vi.&vt.作序;作为…的序言，作为…的开端;给…作序;开始，导致
'slife.
该书前言记述了作者生平。
2、introction
英 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn] 美 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]
n.介绍;引言，导言;采用，引进;新采用的东西
Thebook'sintroctionisbrief.
该书的引言简短。
3、foreword
英 [ˈfɔ:wɜ:d] 美 [ˈfɔ:rwɜ:rd]
n.前言，序（言）
复数： forewords
.
这本书有一篇总统作的序言。
4、preamble
英 [priˈæmbl] 美 [ˈpriˌæmbəl, priˈæm-]
n.前言;序;绪言;（法令、文件等的）序文
复数： preambles
.
开头和结尾提供标准的设置。
5、prolegomena
英 [ˌprəʊle'gɒmɪnə] 美 [ˌproʊle'gɒmɪnə]
n.前言，绪论;前言，序论( prolegomenon的名词复数 )
读两本形而上学导论想到的&试说康德和海德格尔
『柒』 英语论文引言怎么写
写作总体要求：
(1)说明论文的主题、范围和目的。
(2)说明本研究的起因、背景及相关领域简要历史回顾(前人做了哪些工作?哪些尚未解决?目前进展到何种程度?等)。
(3)预期结果或本研究意义。
(4)引言一般不分段,长短视论文内容而定,涉及基础研究的论文引言较长,临床病例分析宜短。
写作禁忌
1)文不着题，泛泛而谈。
2)引文罗列，缺少分析和概括。
注意事项
古代文论中有“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”之称。虽然论文不强调文章开头象凤头那样俊美、精采、引人入胜,但引言是给读者的第一印象,对全文有提纲挈领作用,不可等闲视之。
『捌』 “前言”的英文是什么
一、preface
读音：英 [ˈprefəs] 美 [ˈprefəs]
n.序言，引语;开端，前奏;[宗]（弥撒的）序诵，序祷
vi.&vt.作序;作为…的序言，作为…的开端;给…作序;开始，导致
第三人称单数： prefaces 复数： prefaces 现在分词： prefacing 过去式： prefaced
例句：This book has a preface written by the author.
这本书有作者的自序。
二、introction
读音：英 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn] 美 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]
n.介绍;引言，导言;采用，引进;新采用的东西
复数： introctions
例句：The book's introction is brief.
该书的引言简短。
三、foreword
读音：英 [ˈfɔ:wɜ:d] 美 [ˈfɔ:rwɜ:rd]
n.前言，序（言）
复数： forewords
例句：This book has a foreword by the President.
这本书有一篇总统作的序言。
四、exordium
读音：英 [ek'sɔ:dɪəm] 美 [ɪg'zɔ:dɪrm]
n.（讲话论文等）开端，绪言，绪论
复数： exordiums exordia
例句：The exordium of this article introced the problems which must be solved and its development background, significance and so on.
本文开始的绪论部分介绍了程序需解决的问题及开发背景、意义等。
五、preliminary remarks
n.序言
例句：I have read this preface of book. To proceed toward ( a main topic) with preliminary remarks.
我已读过这本书的前言。用前言引入（一主要话题）
『玖』 英文目录里面的 前言（序言）怎么说。
序言的英文：
preface ['prefis] n. (书籍、演讲等的)序言，前言，绪言，引语，开场白
introction [,intrə'dʌkʃən] n. 前言，引言，序言；导论；(音乐的)序曲
foreword ['fɔ:wə:d] n. (文章、杂志等的)序，序言，序文，前言，绪言，同近义词: introction; perface
英文preface、foreword都含“书的正式篇章开始之前的一段文字”的意思。
preface 指“由书的作者或他人为该书写的序言或序文，它是与本书分开的一部分，用来解释写书的目的、重要性等，篇幅一般比foreward长”。 如:
This book has a preface written by the author.
这本书有作者写的序言。
foreword 指“书的简短的序文”, 如:
That book has a preface, not a foreword.
那本书有序文, 没有前言。
参考例句：
1. The preface to this book is on the preceding page
前边一页是这本书的序言。
2. To preface a Book By a life of the writer
以作者的生平作为一本书的序言
3. In her preface she pours out vials of wrath on her detractors.
在序言里她对她的诽谤者表示愤慨。
4. This Book has a preface written By the author.
这本书有作者写的序言。
5. This foreword of the book is writed by a famouse writer .
这本书的序言是由一个著名作家写的。
6. The preface is complete in itself.
这前言本身就是完整的。
7. The accident was the preface to a great scientific discovery.
这一偶然事件成了一项重大科学发现的开端。
8. Can you please preface my book?
你能给我这本书作序吗？
9. The preface of the book includes an account of the author's life.
该书前言记述了作者生平。
10. Jame's prefaces are always important .
詹姆斯小说的前言总是重要的。
11. The introction explains how the chapters are organized .
前言部分说明各章的怎样组织。
12. In his preface hawthorne seeks to explain the attraction that italy has for the writers of romances .
霍桑在前言中试图阐明意大利对传奇作家的吸引力。
『拾』 论文引言翻译成英语
Introction: Entering the 21st century, computer technology, the rapid development of network technology, electronic commerce has become a very strong life business way. 在电子商务环境下，生产者的生产将按市场需求来进行，其销售将借助于计算机和网络来完成，将彻底改变传统商务方式下的业务流程。 E-commerce environment, procers will demand to carry out the proction, its sales will be assisted by computers and networks to complete, will completely change the traditional business mode of business processes. 企业经营环境的革命性变化必然导致会计管理的内涵和外延发生革命性变化，信息技术从根本上冲击并挑战着传统会计的基本理论体系和会计模型。 Revolutionary changes in business environment will inevitably lead to the connotation and extension of accounting management revolutionize the information technology impact and fundamentally challenges the basic theory of traditional accounting system and accounting models. 文章主要从电子商务对会计的影响进行了分析，并提出一些改进的措施。 This article, from the impact of electronic commerce on the accounting analysis, and propose improvement measures.
任何会计理论总是建立在一定的会计环境与实务基础上的。 Any accounting theory is always based on certain accounting environment and practical foundations. 电子商务极大地改变了传统会计的环境，也必然对会计理论带来影响。 E-commerce has greatly changed the traditional accounting environment inevitably impact on the accounting theory. 电子商务无论从组织上还是地理上都是一个虚拟企业，传统的会计理论及相应的原则需要发展。 E-commerce in terms of organizational or geographical is a virtual enterprise, the traditional principles of accounting theory and the corresponding need to develop. 建立在现代信息技术基础之上的电子商务已经冲击了传统会计模式，在新的社会经济环境下，电子商务的发展给我国的经济发展带来了一个前所未有的机遇和挑战。 Jian Li on the basis of modern information technology, e-commerce has an impact on the traditional accounting model, in the new socio-economic environment, e-commerce in 发展 the developments in our country's Jingji an unprecedented opportunities and challenges.