1. 著急求助：在proof過程中雜志社給了個query form有個問題
Articles in Special Issues: Please ensure that the words 『this issue』 are added (in the list and text) to any references toother articles in this Special Issue. 這句話的意思我記得是要所有的參考文獻格式統一，就是說參考文獻出處的雜志名字要是標準的，然後作者姓名，刊號，雜志名什麼什麼的都要統一按照一個格式來。
2. 審稿，proof，延誤才收到，怎麼解釋
向編輯如實解釋情況，不是太離譜的，一般都會給予理解的。延誤了也要盡快改回去。
較樣（proof）是出版社寄的，由其負責，與雜志編輯無關。如果只是收到e-proof的話，應該是可以更改的，如果已經proof sent，肯定就不行了。但是必須給編輯和出版社足夠的理由，證明更改是合理的，一般最好不要做這種事情。 只要不牽涉到學術不端，沒有嫌疑，就和出版社說一下，一般情況多是接受小小修改的，修改只是說明你是一個很嚴謹的人，在校稿時候就是要作者發現錯誤，以便出版時候錯誤更少。但有的讓改，有的不行。當然改動也是在一定范圍內處理的，不是任何問題都能改。
proof的工作通常包括兩個主要內容：（1）完成編輯部指出的問題，例如補充縮寫的全稱，補充試劑的產地，修改一些語法錯誤，同意或確認編輯部的少量修改等。（2）自己發現的需要更改的地方，例如錯別字，標點符號錯誤等，要求作者列出一個勘錯清單，標名位置及更改。校樣階段一般是不允許進行作者調整以及大量的正文內容的改動。通常校樣要求作者在兩個工作日內完成，否則有可能影響出版。
3. 論文proof了，發現有幾處錯該怎麼辦
進行修乞討
第一步：初稿一般重復率會比較高(除非你是自己一字一句寫的大神)，可以採用萬方、papertest去檢測，然後逐句修改。這個系統是逐句檢測的，也就是說你抄的任何一句話都會被檢測出來。這種檢測演算法比較嚴格，從程序的角度分析這種演算法比較簡單。因而網上賣的都很便宜，我測的是3萬字，感覺還是物美價廉的。(注意：1 這個庫不包含你上一屆研究生師兄的大論文，修改一定注意. 2 個人建議如果學校是用萬方檢測，就不要去檢測維普之類的
先把論文電子版復制一份，保存一份。看檢測結果，其中一份復制的備份論文，把檢測出重復的部分能刪了先刪了，把不能刪的，15字以內改一改，最好是加減字元，不要改順序，改順序沒太大用，參考文獻刪掉一部分，不能刪的話，先改下，英文文獻可以15個字元換一個詞。把修改過的上交，重新過系統檢查。保存的原論文稍做改動上交紙質版。那個系統很麻煩的，很多沒看過沒應用過的文獻都能給你加上，可見中國人抄襲的功夫，都是互相抄，但是為了保證論文的完整性和表述的准確性，不要隨意改動，上交的紙質版，一定要斟酌，一般檢查完就不會再過檢測系統了，所以紙質版的不用擔心。
第二步：經過修改後，重復率大幅下降了。這時你可以用知網查了，知網查重系統是逐段檢測的，比較智能。檢測後再做局部修改就基本上大功告成了，我最後在網上用知網查是4%，簡單修改後，在學校查是1.5%。
注意：記住，最忌諱的是為了查重，把論文語句改得語句不通、毫無邏輯，這樣是逃不過老師的，哈哈，大家加油！
關於知網相關抽查規定：
有規定的，可以進行第一次修改，修改之後通過就可以答辯，如果第二次不通過就算結業，在之後4個月內還要交論文或者設計的。這個是在抄襲30%的基礎上的。 如果抄襲50%以上的話，直接結業 在之後4個月內還要交論文或者設計的。1．被認定為抄襲的本科畢業設計（論文），包括與他人已有論文、著作重復總字數比例在30%至50%（含50%）之間的，需經本人修改。修改後經過再次檢測合格後，方可參加學院答辯。再次檢測後仍不合格的，按結業處理。須在3 個月後提交改寫完成的畢業設計（論文），檢測合格後再參加答辯。2．被認定為抄襲的本科畢業設計（論文），且與他人已有論文、著作重復總字數比例超過50%的，直接按結業處理。須在4 個月後提交改寫的畢業設計（論文），檢測合格後再參加答辯。
知網系統計算標准詳細說明：
1．看了一下這個系統的介紹，有個疑問，這套系統對於文字復制鑒別還是不錯的，但對於其他方面的內容呢，比如數據，圖表，能檢出來嗎？檢不出來的話不還是沒什麼用嗎？
學術不端的各種行為中，文字復制是最為普遍和嚴重的，目前本檢測系統對文字復制的檢測已經達到相當高的水平，對於圖表、公式、數據的抄襲和篡改等行為的檢測，目前正在研發當中，且取得了比較大的進展，歡迎各位繼續關注本檢測系統的進展並多提批評性及建設性意見和建議。
2．按照這個系統39%以下的都是顯示黃色,那麼是否意味著在可容忍的限度內呢?最近看到對上海大學某教師的國家社科基金課題被撤消的消息,原因是其發表的兩篇論文有抄襲行為,分別佔到25%和30%. 請明示超過多少算是警戒線？
百分比只是描述檢測文獻中重合文字所佔的比例大小程度，並不是指該文獻的抄襲嚴重程度。只能這么說，百分比越大，重合字數越多，存在抄襲的可能性越大。是否屬於抄襲及抄襲的嚴重程度需由專家審查後決定。
3．如何防止學位論文學術不端行為檢測系統成為個人報復的平台？
這也是我們在認真考慮的事情，目前這套檢測系統還只是在機構一級用戶使用。我們制定了一套嚴格的管理流程。同時，在技術上，我們也採取了多種手段來最大可能的防止惡意行為，包括一系列嚴格的身份認證，日誌記錄等。
4．最小檢測單位是句子，那麼在每句話里改動一兩個字就檢測不出來了么？
我們對句子也有相應的處理，有一個句子相似性的演算法。並不是句子完全一樣才判斷為相同。句子有句子級的相似演算法，段落有段落級的相似演算法，計算一篇文獻，一段話是否與其他文獻文字相似，是在此基礎上綜合得出的。
5．如果是從相關書籍上摘下來的原話，但是此話已經被資料庫中的相關文獻也抄了進去，也就是說前面的文章也從相關書籍上摘了相同的話，但是我的論文中標注的這段話來自相關的書籍，這個算不算學術抄襲？
檢測系統不下結論，是不是抄襲最後還有人工審查這一關，所以，如果是您描述的這種情況，專家會有相應判斷。我們的系統只是提供各種線索和依據，讓人能夠快速掌握檢測文獻的信息。
6．知網檢測系統的權威性？
學術不端文獻檢測系統並不下結論，即檢測系統並不對檢測文獻定性，只是將檢測文獻中與其他已發表文獻中的雷同部分陳列出來，列出客觀事實，而這篇檢測文獻是否屬於學術不端，需專家做最後的審查確認。
4. 匯率方面的英文參考文獻 最少來3個 謝謝 ！~！！！
Exchange rate
In finance, the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specifies how much one currency is worth in terms of the other. For example an exchange rate of 102 Japanese yen (JPY, ¥) to the United States dollar (USD, $) means that JPY 102 is worth the same as USD 1. The foreign exchange market is one of the largest markets in the world. By some estimates, about 2 trillion USD worth of currency changes hands every day.
The spot exchange rate refers to the current exchange rate. The forward exchange rate refers to an exchange rate that is quoted and traded today but for delivery and payment on a specific future date.
Quotations
An exchange rate quotation is given by stating the number of units of "term currency" or "price currency" that can be bought in terms of 1 unit currency (also called base currency). For example, in a quotation that says the EURUSD exchange rate is 1.3 (1.3 USD per EUR), the term currency is USD and the base currency is EUR.
There is a market convention that determines which is the base currency and which is the term currency. In most parts of the world, the order is:
EUR - GBP - AUD - USD - *** (where *** is any other currency).
Thus if you are doing a conversion from EUR into AUD, EUR is the base currency, AUD is the term currency and the exchange rate tells you how many Australian dollars you would pay or receive for 1 euro. Cyprus and Malta which were quoted as the base to the USD and *** were recently removed from this list when they joined the euro. In some areas of Europe and in the non-professional market in the UK, EUR and GBP are reversed so that GBP is quoted as the base currency to the euro. In order to determine which is the base currency where both currencies are not listed (i.e. both are ***), market convention is to use the base currency which gives an exchange rate greater than 1.000. This avoids rounding issues and exchange rates being quoted to more than 4 decimal places. There are some exceptions to this rule e.g. the Japanese often quote their currency as the base to other currencies.
Quotes using a country's home currency as the price currency (e.g., EUR 1.00 = $1.45 in the US) are known as direct quotation or price quotation (from that country's perspective) ([1]) and are used by most countries.
Quotes using a country's home currency as the unit currency (e.g., £0.4762 = $1.00 in the US) are known as indirect quotation or quantity quotation and are used in British newspapers and are also common in Australia, New Zealand and the eurozone.
direct quotation: 1 foreign currency unit = x home currency units
indirect quotation: 1 home currency unit = x foreign currency units
Note that, using direct quotation, if the home currency is strengthening (i.e., appreciating, or becoming more valuable) then the exchange rate number decreases. Conversely if the foreign currency is strengthening, the exchange rate number increases and the home currency is depreciating.
When looking at a currency pair such as EURUSD, the first component (EUR in this case) will be called the base currency. The second is called the term currency. For example : EURUSD = 1.33866, means EUR is the base and USD the term, so 1 EUR = 1.33866 USD.
Currency pairs are often incorrectly quoted with a "/" (forward slash). In fact if the slash is inserted, the order of the currencies should be reversed. This gives the exchange rate. e.g. if EUR1 is worth USD1.35, euro is the base currency and dollar is the term currency so the exchange rate is stated EURUSD or USD/EUR. To get the exchange rate divide the USD amount by the euro amount e.g. 1.35/1.00 = 1.35
Market convention from the early 1980s to 2006 was that most currency pairs were quoted to 4 decimal places for spot transactions and up to 6 decimal places for forward outrights or swaps. (The fourth decimal place is usually referred to as a "pip.") An exception to this was exchange rates with a value of less than 1.000 which were usually quoted to 5 or 6 decimal places. Although there is no fixed rule, exchange rates with a value greater than around 20 were usually quoted to 3 decimal places and currencies with a value greater than 80 were quoted to 2 decimal places. Currencies over 5000 were usually quoted with no decimal places (e.g. the former Turkish Lira). e.g. (GBPOMR : 0.765432 - EURUSD : 1.3386 - GBPBEF : 58.234 - EURJPY : 165.29). In other words, quotes are given with 5 digits. Where rates are below 1, quotes frequently include 5 decimal places.
In 2006 Barclays Capital broke with convention by offering spot exchange rates with 5 or 6 decimal places. The contraction of spreads (the difference between the bid and offer rates) arguably necessitated finer pricing and gave the banks the ability to try and win transaction on multibank trading platforms where all banks may otherwise have been quoting the same price. A number of other banks have now followed this.
Free or pegged
Main article: Exchange rate regime
If a currency is free-floating, its exchange rate is allowed to vary against that of other currencies and is determined by the market forces of supply and demand. Exchange rates for such currencies are likely to change almost constantly as quoted on financial markets, mainly by banks, around the world. A movable or adjustable peg system is a system of fixed exchange rates, but with a provision for the devaluation of a currency. For example, between 1994 and 2005, the Chinese yuan renminbi (RMB) was pegged to the United States dollar at RMB 8.2768 to $1. China was not the only country to do this; from the end of World War II until 1966, Western European countries all maintained fixed exchange rates with the US dollar based on the Bretton Woods system. [2]
Nominal and real exchange rates
The nominal exchange rate e is the price in domestic currency of one unit of a foreign currency.
The real exchange rate (RER) is defined as , where P is the domestic price level and P * the foreign price level. P and P * must have the same arbitrary value in some chosen base year. Hence in the base year, RER = e.
The RER is only a theoretical ideal. In practice, there are many foreign currencies and price level values to take into consideration. Correspondingly, the model calculations become increasingly more complex. Furthermore, the model is based on purchasing power parity (PPP), which implies a constant RER. The empirical determination of a constant RER value could never be realised, e to limitations on data collection. PPP would imply that the RER is the rate at which an organization can trade goods and services of one economy (e.g. country) for those of another. For example, if the price of a good increases 10% in the UK, and the Japanese currency simultaneously appreciates 10% against the UK currency, then the price of the good remains constant for someone in Japan. The people in the UK, however, would still have to deal with the 10% increase in domestic prices. It is also worth mentioning that government-enacted tariffs can affect the actual rate of exchange, helping to rece price pressures. PPP appears to hold only in the long term (3–5 years) when prices eventually correct towards parity.
More recent approaches in modelling the RER employ a set of macroeconomic variables, such as relative proctivity and the real interest rate differential.
Bilateral vs effective exchange rate
Bilateral exchange rate involves a currency pair, while effective exchange rate is weighted average of a basket of foreign currencies, and it can be viewed as an overall measure of the country's external competitiveness. A nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) is weighted with trade weights. a real effective exchange rate (REER) adjust NEER by appropriate foreign price level and deflates by the home country price level. Compared to NEER, a GDP weighted effective exchange rate might be more appropriate considering the global investment phenomenon.
Uncovered interest rate parity
See also: Interest rate parity#Uncovered interest rate parity
Uncovered interest rate parity (UIRP) states that an appreciation or depreciation of one currency against another currency might be neutralized by a change in the interest rate differential. If US interest rates exceed Japanese interest rates then the US dollar should depreciate against the Japanese yen by an amount that prevents arbitrage. The future exchange rate is reflected into the forward exchange rate stated today. In our example, the forward exchange rate of the dollar is said to be at a discount because it buys fewer Japanese yen in the forward rate than it does in the spot rate. The yen is said to be at a premium.
UIRP showed no proof of working after 1990s. Contrary to the theory, currencies with high interest rates characteristically appreciated rather than depreciated on the reward of the containment of inflation and a higher-yielding currency.
Balance of payments model
This model holds that a foreign exchange rate must be at its equilibrium level - the rate which proces a stable current account balance. A nation with a trade deficit will experience rection in its foreign exchange reserves which ultimately lowers (depreciates) the value of its currency. The cheaper currency renders the nation's goods (exports) more affordable in the global market place while making imports more expensive. After an intermediate period, imports are forced down and exports rise, thus stabilizing the trade balance and the currency towards equilibrium.
Like PPP, the balance of payments model focuses largely on tradable goods and services, ignoring the increasing role of global capital flows. In other words, money is not only chasing goods and services, but to a larger extent, financial assets such as stocks and bonds. Their flows go into the capital account item of the balance of payments, thus, balancing the deficit in the current account. The increase in capital flows has given rise to the asset market model.
Asset market model
See also: Capital asset pricing model
The explosion in trading of financial assets (stocks and bonds) has reshaped the way analysts and traders look at currencies. Economic variables such as economic growth, inflation and proctivity are no longer the only drivers of currency movements. The proportion of foreign exchange transactions stemming from cross border-trading of financial assets has dwarfed the extent of currency transactions generated from trading in goods and services.
The asset market approach views currencies as asset prices traded in an efficient financial market. Consequently, currencies are increasingly demonstrating a strong correlation with other markets, particularly equities.
Like the stock exchange, money can be made or lost on the foreign exchange market by investors and speculators buying and selling at the right times. Currencies can be traded at spot and foreign exchange options markets. The spot market represents current exchange rates, whereas options are derivatives of exchange rates.
Fluctuations in exchange rates
A market based exchange rate will change whenever the values of either of the two component currencies change. A currency will tend to become more valuable whenever demand for it is greater than the available supply. It will become less valuable whenever demand is less than available supply (this does not mean people no longer want money, it just means they prefer holding their wealth in some other form, possibly another currency).
Increased demand for a currency is e to either an increased transaction demand for money, or an increased speculative demand for money. The transaction demand for money is highly correlated to the country's level of business activity, gross domestic proct (GDP), and employment levels. The more people there are unemployed, the less the public as a whole will spend on goods and services. Central banks typically have little difficulty adjusting the available money supply to accommodate changes in the demand for money e to business transactions.
The speculative demand for money is much harder for a central bank to accommodate but they try to do this by adjusting interest rates. An investor may choose to buy a currency if the return (that is the interest rate) is high enough. The higher a country's interest rates, the greater the demand for that currency. It has been argued that currency speculation can undermine real economic growth, in particular since large currency speculators may deliberately create downward pressure on a currency in order to force that central bank to sell their currency to keep it stable (once this happens, the speculator can buy the currency back from the bank at a lower price, close out their position, and thereby take a profit).
In choosing what type of asset to is officially pegged, synthetic markets have emerged that can behave as if the yuan were floating).
匯率
在經濟學上，匯率定義為兩國貨幣之間兌換的比例。通常會將某一國的貨幣設為基準，以此換算金額價值他國幾元的貨幣。在英文使用方面，有時簡寫為FX，此為外國貨幣Foreign Exchange的簡寫。
通俗的說，是一國貨幣單位兌換他國貨幣單位的比率，也可以說是用一國貨幣表示的另一國貨幣的價格。
匯率的特性在於它多半是浮動的比率。只要貨幣能夠透過匯率自由交換，依交換量的多寡，就會影響隔天的匯率，因此，有人也以賺匯差營利，今日以較低的比率購進某一外幣，隔日等到較高的比率出現時，再轉手賣出。
所以有時匯率也能看出一個國家的經濟狀況。了解外匯也能看出這個國家的出口貿易狀況。
交叉匯率
所謂交叉匯率是指兩種不同貨幣之間的價格關系，兩個國家之間的貨幣匯兌是利用各自對美元的匯率套算得出。
舉例來看，若一美元可分別兌換0.8112歐元、109.28日圓，則歐元兌日圓的交叉匯率為134.71（= 109.28/0.8112）。
5. 論文接受在等Proof階段，今天收到期刊的這封郵件是什麼意思
理論論據：作為論據的理論總是讀者比較熟悉的，或者是為社會普遍承認的，它們是對大量事實抽象，概括的結果。理論論據又包括名言警句、諺語格言以及作者的說理分析。
使用論據的要求：①確鑿性。我們必須選擇那些確鑿的、典型的事實。引用經過實踐檢驗的理論材料作為論據時，必須注意所引理論本身的精確涵義。②典型性。引用的事例應該具有廣泛的代表性，代表這一類事物的普遍特點和一般性質。③論據與論點的統一。論據是為了證明論點的，因此，兩者聯系應該緊密一致。
6. 關於proof問題求助
proof
英-[pruːf]美-[pruf]
釋義
n. 證明；證據；校樣；考驗；驗證；試驗
adj. 防…的；不能透入的；證明用的；耐…的
vt. 試驗；校對；使不被穿透
7. analytical letters 文章proof怎麼弄的
請參考如下回答，希望對你的投稿有所幫助！
較樣（proof）是出版社寄的，由其負責，與雜志編輯無關。如果只是收到e-proof的話，應該是可以更改的，如果已經proof sent，肯定就不行了。但是必須給編輯和出版社足夠的理由，證明更改是合理的，一般最好不要做這種事情。 只要不牽涉到學術不端，沒有嫌疑，就和出版社說一下，一般情況多是接受小小修改的，修改只是說明你是一個很嚴謹的人，在校稿時候就是要作者發現錯誤，以便出版時候錯誤更少。但有的讓改，有的不行。當然改動也是在一定范圍內處理的，不是任何問題都能改。
proof的工作通常包括兩個主要內容：（1）完成編輯部指出的問題，例如補充縮寫的全稱，補充試劑的產地，修改一些語法錯誤，同意或確認編輯部的少量修改等。（2）自己發現的需要更改的地方，例如錯別字，標點符號錯誤等，要求作者列出一個勘錯清單，標名位置及更改。校樣階段一般是不允許進行作者調整以及大量的正文內容的改動。通常校樣要求作者在兩個工作日內完成，否則有可能影響出版。
當通訊作者收到文章的proof（校樣）後，可以修改作者信息、聯系方式、增添作者、調換作者順序、添加基金等。如果刪除作者、調換作者，尤其是第一作者和通訊作者時，大多期刊編輯會要求提供變更說明並簽字的證明。這里不詳述了。隨proof附件的，大多期刊還有query和annotate文件（有的期刊沒有annotate文件）。
Proof還有內容的修改，包括期刊編輯校對時給你的pdf標注，有的期刊沒有pdf標注，直接將排版好的proof發給你校對。不管怎樣，作者可以在編輯發給你的proof中直接進行修改錯誤的內容，一定要注意按照proof修改的要求進行刪除、增添、批註等操作。沒有annotate文件的，就按照pdf工具欄里的各個圖標所表示的意思或功能進行操作，在proof中，為了區別排版編輯對你稿件的修改，作者修改proof時除了刪除、增添、批註等操作外，還可以對這些刪除、增添、批註等進行黃色加亮顯示。修改好後，在文檔文件名後加上「_corrected」字樣，然後將附件回復到編輯郵箱，記得要提醒編輯收到後給你回信。
8. 求關於PLC 的外文的 參考文獻 就是書名 作家 年份，要英文的
A water pumping control system with a programmable logic controller (PLC) and instrial wireless moles for instrial plants—An experimental setup
ISA Transactions, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 December 2010
Ramazan Bayindir, Yucel Cetince
9. 文章proof中，發現兩篇參考文獻引用錯誤，能更改嗎
可以，proof階段就是用已修正一些小錯誤，如單詞拼寫，公式疏漏，標點錯誤，文獻格式等等