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英國體育文化參考文獻

發布時間: 2021-03-20 18:30:48

A. 我是英語專業的,畢業想寫關於英國足球文化的論文,請問應該從哪幾方面著手呢!有沒有誰指導一下!謝謝!

現代足球的起源,發展這些什麼的.還有英超是世界上盈利最強的聯賽,從根本上去分析下

B. 急需有關英國體育文化的資料!

英國球迷信奉這樣的一句話:「星期六是上帝給足球准備的。」自19世紀後期以來,
所有足球比賽都是在星期六下午3時舉行的,後來為了電視轉播,才分散到周日。英國
人認為,足球是他們心目中的上帝,而上帝也是球迷。在英超的賽場上,隨便問一個
老球迷,他可能會告訴你,他已經在同一個座位上看了40年的球,他甚至會告訴你,
他5歲的時候就跟著爺爺到現場觀看比賽,他的爺爺的爺爺就是曼聯或者是一支丙級隊
的球迷,他現在依然為該隊加油,這就是英國體育文化最為精髓的部分。足球對於英
國人來說,是他們生命的一部分,你可以對一名英國人說,他的老婆長得醜陋,但絕
對不能說他支持的球隊踢得太臭,他會跟你拚命。足球一直是支撐英國人自尊最重要
的東西之一。甚至也可以看成生活在英倫三島上這個民族的精神歸宿。
英國的體育文化像是一條大河,溯流而上,你能看到200年間絢麗的風景。這裡面當然
充斥著激情和仇恨,光榮和夢想,當然也有垃圾和糟粕———足球流氓就是最大的毒
瘤。然而從足球流氓的側面也可以看出英國人內心的足球崇拜。一名球星不僅是名成
功人士,更是整個民族的英雄。成功的教練或者是球員會得到女王授予的爵位。足球
在他們心目中,不是比賽,而是戰斗,因此他們有理由向所有的對手錶示最大的仇恨
和敵視———當然包括對方的球迷,對方的場地,甚至對方所在的城市。在這種根深
蒂固的文化圈裡,任何的變化都是困難的。即使一個俱樂部修建新的賽場都會遭到球
迷的反對。在他們看來,舊的賽場在100多年的時間里沉澱了他們太多的感情。於是就
會出現這樣的現象,紐卡斯爾隊主場3面都是現代化的新賽場,而有一面看台低矮陳
舊,依然是過去的。即使曼聯高大巍峨的老特拉福德賽場,也保存著舊賽場的一部
分。英國人生活在傳統里,他們為之自豪。其實不僅是足球,在英國呆久了你會聽到
這樣的話:我們擁有世界上最棒的賽場溫布利賽場(盡管已在拆除中),我們擁有最美
麗的網球場溫布爾登,我們還發明了乒乓球和羽毛球,諸如此類。

C. 試述近代英國體育的特點

自古以來,人們把文化分為東方文化和西方文化;世界文化又大致可分為四大體系,即漢文化體系、阿拉伯和伊斯蘭文化體系和歐洲文化體系。在這四大文化體系中除歐洲文化外,其他三大文化體系都在世界的東方。由於地域等多種因素,即使是上述三大體系的文化,各地區同樣也呈現出不同的文化特徵,但也存在相互交叉、認同的現象。
人類對文化的研究開始與19世紀中葉。許多研究資料表明,東方文化有著極其悠久的歷史和深刻豐富的內涵。黑格爾在評論世界文化發展時指出,當黃河、長江流域已經孕育精美輝煌的古代文化時,泰晤士河、密西西比河、萊茵河上的居民還在黑暗的原始森林裡徘徊,這表明了東方文化有著悠久的歷史。然而,在幾百年的歷史演變中,東方文化發展緩慢,甚至停滯不前。所以,在很長一段時間內東方文化滯後於西方文化。
體育的歷史與人類歷史一樣悠久,在人類文明的歷史長河中,體育文化是一個逐漸發展的過程,是人類整個文化的重要組成內容。然而人類在與自然的斗爭中,在很長一段時間里對體育文化的認識處在不知不覺之中。
歷史資料表明,真正感受到體育文化對人類社會發展產生直接影響,還是在19世紀中葉的歐洲文藝復興之後。特別是20世紀中葉以來,隨著世界整體科學的發展,體育科技工作者得到不少新的啟示。從此,許多學者更多的從體育哲學、人文社會學角度開展了廣泛的研究,並逐步的由感性認識向理性方面發展。
早期的體育,盡管人們生活在不同的地域環境,有著不同的生活習慣,但創造的體育形態、性質和目的基本上是相同的。人類為了生存和延續,學會了跑、跳、投、攀爬等技能和生產勞動知識,並作為一種社會文化現象代代相傳。隨著時間的推移,逐漸形成了今天如此燦爛奪目的體育文化。

D. 求一篇2000字的關於英國文化的英語論文 。。

2000 word? You know how much is gona cost for write that in the UK?

E. 誰有關於英國體育及節日的文章

感恩節
Almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. The American Thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the American colonies almost four hundred years ago. In 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to settle in the New World(新大陸). This religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the Church of England and they wanted to separate from it. The Pilgrims settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts. Their first winter in the New World was difficult. They had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. The following spring the Iroquois Indians(美國紐約州東北部易洛魁族印第安人)taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. They showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.

In the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley(大麥), beans and pumpkins were harvested. The colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. They invited the local Indian chief and 90 Indians. The Indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists. The colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the Indians. To this first Thanksgiving, the Indians had even brought popcorn.

In following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.

After the United States became an independent country, Congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. George Washington suggested the date November 26 as Thanksgiving Day. Then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, Abraham Lincoln asked all Americans to set aside the last Thursday in November as a day of thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have.

In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

Symbols of Thanksgiving

Turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce(酸果曼沙司)are symbols which represent the first Thanksgiving. Now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards. The use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. "Indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.

Sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first Thanksgiving table and is still served today. The cranberry is a small, sour berry. It grows in bogs(沼澤), or muddy areas, in Massachusetts and other New England states. The Indians used the fruit to treat infections. They used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets. They taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener(甜味佐料)and water to make a sauce. The Indians called it "ibimi" which means "bitter berry." When the colonists saw it, they named it "crane-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane. The berries are still grown in New England.

In 1988, a Thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. More than four thousand people gathered on Thanksgiving night. Among them were Native Americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the New World.

The ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the Indians' role in the first Thanksgiving 350 years ago. Until recently most schoolchildren believed that the Pilgrims cooked the entire Thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the Indians. In fact, the feast was planned to thank the Indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. Without the Indians, the first settlers would not have survived

F. 英國體育文化介紹,300字左右

體育運動在英國非常普及。英國在奧運會的眾多項目上都有優勢。其中最強的有田徑、羽毛球、射擊、拳擊、柔道、賽艇、帆船、皮劃艇、自行車、馬術、現代五項等等。

在田徑上,英國在男女短跑項目歷來就是強項,無論是男子100米還是女子中長跑項目,實力都相當不錯。英國代表團在雅典取得的9枚金牌中,就有三枚來自田徑。在雅典奧運會上,霍爾姆斯一人就獨得女子800米和1500米兩枚金牌。像坎貝爾、錢伯斯在男子100米短跑上具有奪取獎牌的實力。女子短跑運動員梅里、霍爾姆斯,男子三級跳遠選手愛德華茲、男子標槍選手巴克利,女子七項全能選手丹-劉易斯,近年來在國際賽場上均有不錯的發揮。

帆船項目也是英國的強項。英國有開展帆船、賽艇比賽的傳統。在雅典奧運會上就獲得了2金1銀2銅的佳績。其中艾恩斯利獲得帆船帆板男子芬蘭人級冠軍,而女子選手羅伯特森與韋伯、艾爾頓一起,則將女子索林級的金牌攬入懷中。

此外在射擊項目上,皮爾、法爾在男子飛碟比賽中成績突出。拳擊隊的哈里森,柔道隊的豪伊,皮劃艇的拉特克里夫、布拉班茨,自行車賽的海雷斯、維金斯,女子現代五項的柯克、阿倫比等,實力都很強。

英國參加了有史以來的所有夏季奧運會,迄今為止共獲得190枚金牌,242枚銀牌,241枚銅牌。其中成績最好的一屆是1908年倫敦奧運會,當時英國代表隊奪得了56金50銀39銅,總成績名列第1位。20世紀30年代以前,英國隊在獎牌榜中一直列在前10位。後來成績有所下滑,但幾乎保持在前15名以內。