㈠ 園林論文參考文獻,急急急!!!謝謝
中國綠化網找去
㈡ 求兩個關於園林樹木的國外參考文獻
Temporal and spatial variation in garden and street trees in six eastern Australian cities Original Research Article
Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 101, Issue 3, 15 June 2011, Pages 244-252
J.B. Kirkpatrick, G.D. Daniels, A. Davison
Litterfall and nutrient return in five tree species in a common garden experiment Original Research Article
Forest Ecology and Management, Volume 257, Issue 10, 30 April 2009, Pages 2133-2144
Karin Hansen, Lars Vesterdal, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Per Gundersen, Lisbeth Sevel, Annemarie Bastrup-Birk, Lars Bo Pedersen, J
㈢ 居住小區園林綠化 參考文獻都有那些啊
例如北京地區:
《城市居住區規劃設計規范》
《城市道路綠化規劃與設計規范》
《園林基本術語標准》
《公園設計規范》
《北京市城市綠化條例》
《北京市城市園林綠化用植物材料木本苗》
《北京地區地下設施覆土綠化指導書》
《北京市大樹移植技術規程》
《北京市綠化植物保護技術規程》
《北京市垂直綠化技術規程》
《噴灌工程技術規范》
《居住區綠地設計規范》DB11/T214-2003;
《城市園林綠化工程施工及驗收規范》DB11/T212-2003;
《城市園林綠化養護管理標准》DB11/T213-2003;
《城市園林綠化用植物材料木本苗》DB11/T211-2003;
《噴灌工程技術規范》GBJ85-85;
《建設工程施工現場供用電安全規范》GB50194-93;
《施工現場臨時用電安全技術規程》JGJ46-2005;
《北京市綠化條例》等等。
這個需要看你是哪個地區,招標文件上面是如何要求的,然後再根據圖紙、施工工藝、施工內容等,進行詳細參考。
㈣ 有關中國古典園林起源的參考文獻,幫忙推薦幾本!
中國造園史
中國古代苑囿
造園史綱
中國園林史
中國古典園林分析
㈤ 南越國的皇家園林的參考文獻
知網上有幾篇相關的,我網路HI 你
[1]李聿川,崔志民,何民本. 掀起嶺南古文化的蓋頭——記南越國王宮御花苑遺址發掘[J]. 科技潮,2000,(10).
[2]高大偉 ,岳升陽. 南越國宮苑遺址文化價值的研究[J]. 古建園林技術,2005,(2).
[3]馮永驅,陳偉漢,全洪,李灶新. 廣州南越國宮署遺址1995-1997年發掘簡報[J]. 文物,2000,(9).
[4]曾玲,劉管平. 從南越國御苑遺址考古發現談秦漢時期園林的特點[A]. .[C].: ,1999:271-272-273.
[5]孟兆禎. 同臻千古風景之勝 獨創盛世園林之新——贊建國六十年來的廣東園林[J]. 廣東園林,2009,(4).
[6]孟兆禎. 同臻千古風景之勝 獨創盛世園林之新——贊建國六十年來的廣東園林[J]. 廣東園林,2009,(S1).
[7]王兆東. 嶺南園林文化特色研究[J]. 安徽農業科學,2010,(32).
[8]本報記者李明. 南越國宮署將建世界級遺址公園[N]. 深圳特區報,2006-06-18(A14).
[9]曹勁. 南越王宮苑遺址與日本早期造園共同特色初探[J]. 古建園林技術,2008,(3).
[10]劉慶柱. 評《南越宮苑遺址——1995、1997年考古發掘報告》[J]. 考古,2009,(12).
[11]本報見習記者 張奇鋒. 南越王宮:曲水流觴的千年皇家園林[N]. 廣東科技報,2010-11-19(015).
[12]梁明珠. 廣州古跡旅遊資源開發新探[J]. 經濟地理,2000,(6).
[13]陸琦,鄭潔. 廣州古園林札記[J]. 南方建築,2001,(4).
[14]陸琦,鄭潔. 廣州古園林札記[A]. .[C].: ,1999:126-127-128-129-130-131.
[15]鄒偉初. 廣東古代造園史概述[J]. 廣東史志,2003,(3).
[16]陳小媛. 從畫像石及南越王宮署看漢代園林[A]. 顧森,邵澤水,傅國亮.高等教育出版社(Higher Ecation Press)[C].: 高等教育出版社(Higher Ecation Press),2008:88-89-90-91-92-93.
㈥ 園林本科畢業論文怎麼寫,任務書怎麼下手,哪裡可以找到參考文獻。。。。。謝謝
我也是這個園林專業的,去年寫的論文,記得當時還是找 輕風論文網的老師幫忙的,很不錯,從開題報告到最後的修改定稿,幫我省了好多事,老師一會讓我改 任務書,一會讓我給他看修改的稿件,輕風論文的 王老師都不厭其煩的幫我弄好,搞得我都不好意思了。如果想咨詢這方面的文章,可以參考下哦。~嘻嘻..
㈦ 園林畢業論文的參考文獻
看一下《中國園林》,再查資料找一下一些前沿的東西,你會有新發現
㈧ 求一份園林或者景觀相關的外文參考文獻,2000字,英文中文都要那種。
1\Designing your own panorama, could be each exciting and challenging. If you are contemplating such a mission, listed here are some practical ideas and suggestions.
Planning the Project
Planning your landscape design is the first and most vital step. Take the time to assemble the data you will want to make your decisions on the weather you wish to include in your landscape design. Will you want a deck, patio, foot paths, walkways, a pond? What sort of plants, timber, flowers, and ground cover will you want to use? You need to research books, articles, and landscape design magazines that will help you make these decisions. It will pay off in the end by saving you cash, time, and frustration, enabeling you find yourself with a beautifully completed mission to be proud of.
The Design
The landscape design is your subsequent step. You will need to make a structure of the realm to be landscaped, as close to scale as possible, and with accurate measurements. Many landscape design planning guides that provides you with step-by-step instructions can be found on the internet without spending a dime, and books or eBooks are abundant. As soon as your panorama design structure is done you』 be able to started to position your components on the layout pad. This should be your first or preliminary plan and as you progess, modifications will be transfered to your secondary or updated plans. Altering your thoughts usually is simply fine. After all this is just on paper at this point and you haven』t spent any money or performed any labor yet. Experimenting with a few plans is critical before you come up the final landscape design. A properly planned landscape won』t ever look the same in numerous seasons. Plan your panorama design to change with the seasons. You must try to design your landscape as maintenance free as possible.
Panorama Design Software program
If it is onerous for you to visualize your finished panorama design by simply taking a look at your format, there is some excellent landscape design software available. A lot of the landscape design software was originally developed for skilled landscapers, however since has been modified for the beginner who needs to do-it-themselves. There are a lot of do-it-yourslef panorama design software program applications out there today. Panorama design software permits you to see a digital picture of the landscape design and allows you to transfer gadgets round and see the changes you make come to life. Some software means that you can import a photograph of your property or constructing and designs the panorama across the photo. Most landscape design software packages offer advise on using and putting the numerous completely different components obtainable right now in your landscape design. A properly designed panorama will all the time change with time, abd a number of the landscape design software program obtainable will mean you can view your panorama because it matures. You may see what it』s going to seem like 5 or 10 years from now when the bushes have grown and the plants matured.
Gardens
Many people prefer to incorparate a garden of their landscape design. Gardens may be tucked away in the nook of an space, or be the point of interest of the entire panorama design. Gardens can even be stragecly positioned among the plants, flowers and trees so they mix in with your entire landscape design. If you like to backyard, dont overlook all of the garden design possiblities when planning your landscape design.
If you want extra info with regard to landscape architect los angeles, pay a visit to Demitri Sanromartin』s internet site without delay
2\
We are all ready to invest large amounts of money on landscaping in order to give a face lift to our homes. But we didn』t prune enough or at all when our lawn needed it, making our prized lawns and gardens looking worse than ever. This is the best time to start getting ready and preparing your lawn for beautiful success. For your garden to have a longer life span, take the following tips into consideration.
Plenty of indivials would love to have a garden that has a lot of stunning hydrangeas or azaleas growing beautifully. This particular goal takes a good deal of time and effort, nevertheless, so if you』re amongst those indivials who would like to achieve it, you』ll need to work very hard beginning right away.
Fundamental Garden Landscaping
Starting small is without doubt the method to use, particularly if you happen to be a beginner in this particular craft. One of the things you should focus on to start with will be the choice of plants you want to cultivate, i.e. flowers, trees, or maybe even vegetables. It is clearly sensible to decide on plants that do not need an excessive amount of maintenance but when you are confident enough in relation to your gardening skills, roses, orchids, and bonsai trees offer great options.
Getting the soil ready is very important to ensure that you will be able to grow beautiful things in your garden. Using organic fertilizers often is the preferred strategy to use since they will not present any kind of threat to the environment or to human health. Becoming acquainted with different kinds of organic fertilizers such as horse manure or steer manure can enable you to do a good job in preparing the garden soil for great growing conditions.
Structures and Decor
Naturally, a vibrant and nicely decorated lawn is really what you』ll want which involves various garden landscaping options including water fountains, fencing, and lighting. The strategy is to integrate as much of your own personality into your design so as to make it a little haven that is not just lovely to view but also is a quintessential reflection of you.
Outdoor furniture is a very common garden landscaping feature which also happens to be very useful. When you have the area to hold a complete set, you might as well go for it, especially when you want to have a proper place for your guests ring the day if the sun is out but it is not too hot.
Patio and Garden Lighting Fixtures
Adequate illumination can be a large part of designing your garden. The patio is where it all begins so you might wish to buy a good set of sconces or wall lights which illuminate the area and highlight its naturally beauty. Garden lighting is encouraged not just for functional purposes but also for displaying the best features of the space even at night.
Upkeep
To be able to continue to keep the garden in excellent shape, it is crucial to understand its needs like routine and controlled watering, tilling, mowing, and weed removal. Watering needs to be season and weather appropriate because gardens that are way too dry or too wet will never flourish so make sure that you adjust appropriately.
Mark Vaccaro researches and writes extensively on the best practices in online marketing. Some articles that I recommend reading can be found on the topics of path to financial responsibility and learning spanish
㈨ 求一篇3000字左右,關於「園林綠化」的論文!
淺談城市園林綠化中的植物造景
摘要:園林植物是重要的造園要素,在造園中具有任何要素不可取代的「造景」與「生態」雙重功能。本文從我國園
林植物造景歷史探源入手,研究了城市園林綠化中的植物造景的原則及基本方法。
關鍵詞:園林植物;植物造景;原則;方法
1園林植物造景的概念蓮,太液池岸有竹數十叢。宋、元、清初時期為我國園林
園林植物造景是在園林造景藝術指導下,在滿足園林的成熟前期,造園時對植物的選擇栽植,利用園林植物造
植物生長發育要求的基礎上,充分利用各種園林植物(包景已形成其獨特的風格。造園時十分注意利用絢麗多彩、
括喬木、灌木、花卉及草坪、地被植物等)作為主要構千姿百態的植物,且注意一年四季的不同觀賞效果,臨水
料,以建築、山石、水體為點綴配合,充分發揮植物本身植柳,水面植荷渠,竹林密叢等植物配置,不僅起綠化作
形體、線條、色彩等自然美,通過設計、選材、配置,建用,更多的是注意觀賞和造園的藝術效果。《洛陽名園
造出符合總體規劃的景觀,以達到發揮其不同功能,形成記》中記載歸仁園:「……北有牡丹、芍葯數千株,中有
多樣化景觀,供人們觀賞。園林植物造景是園林規劃設計竹千畝,南有桃李彌望……」,說明此園為一個花簇錦
的重要環節,是園林建設的根本精髓。綉,植物配置種類繁多,以花木取勝的園子。清朝中葉和
植物在園林中有構成優美環境,渲染氣氛,襯托主景清末隨著園林的日趨成熟,造園時對植物的配置及造景作
的作用,能創造出充滿生機的綠色自然景觀。植物的自然用,積累了許多豐富的經驗。縱觀中華民族數千年的文明
生長規律形成了「春天繁花盛開,夏季綠樹成蔭,秋季碩史,中國長期發展遺留下來的特有的園林文化,為現代園
果累累,冬季枝幹蒼勁」的特定景觀。園林植物不僅給人林植物造景藝術留下了寶貴的藝術素材。
以環境舒適,賞心悅目的物境感受,還可使不同審美要求3現代園林植物造景的發展趨勢
的人產生不同的審美心理的思想內涵。3.1更加註重生態效益和生態景觀
2我國園林植物造景的歷史在自然界中,植物群落所創造的生態效益最高。因此
我國最早的園林形式是囿,出現在殷商時期,它是將植物造景中應盡量多用群落栽培,並遵循自然群落的發展
一定地域加以范圍,讓花草果木、鳥獸魚蟲滋生繁育,並規律。設計者從豐富多彩的自然群落的組成、結構中借
挖池築台,以供帝王貴族狩獵、游樂,後來統稱園囿,以鑒,才能在科學性、藝術性上獲得成功。不再單純追求藝
後則發展為以種植觀賞花木為主的園苑。據載:吳王夫差術效果和刻板的人為要求,而是按照植物的習性要求去營
曾造梧桐園(今江蘇吳縣),會景園(今浙江嘉興),「穿沿造一個符合植物自然生長發育規律的群落,以便更好地發
鑿池,構亭營橋,所植花木,類多茶與海棠,」這說明當揮植物的生態效益和景觀效益。
時造園及植物配置己具相當高的水平。3.2植物造景功能多樣化
屈原《離騷》記載有:「朝飲木蘭之墜露兮,夕餐秋由於植物材料的豐富多彩,其應用范圍也日益擴大,
菊之落英」,這里已明確提到木蘭與菊花已成為觀賞植從傳統的建築物周圍種植、假山上種植,發展到行道樹、
物。《漢書》記載:「秦為馳道於天下,東窮燕齊,南極綠籬、廣場遮蔭、空間分割等;從傳統的花台發展到花
吳楚,江湖之上,濱海之觀畢至,道廣五十步,三丈而壇、花境、室內花園、屋頂花園、溫室等造景方式,極人
樹,原築其外,隱以金錐,樹以青松」。魏晉南北朝時,地豐富了植物景觀。現代園林的使用者為廣大人民群眾,
隨著自然山水園林的出現,人們對植物在園林中的造景也是一種公共空間。傳統的一石一木、詩情畫意己不適合人
愈加講究。西晉大官僚石祟的金谷園,園內樹木繁茂,植們的欣賞口味,而開闊的疏林草地、城市廣場、森林公園
物配置以柏樹為主調,其他的種屬則分別與不同的地貌相則更加受到現代人的喜愛。
結合而突出其成景作用,如前庭配有沙棠,後園植有烏3.3草坪、花卉大量應用
柏,柏木林中梨花點綴等。隋唐時期是我國封建社會的興西方古典園林中草坪、花卉、雕塑的大量應用,成為
盛時期,同時也是園林的全盛時期。在唐明皇的宮苑中,其區別於東方古典園林的標志。而隨著東西方文化的相互
植物配置合理,如沉香亭前植木芍葯,庭院中植千葉桃交流與滲透,這種差別變得愈來愈小,也更符合人們的欣
花,後苑有花樹,興慶池畔有醒醉草,太液池中栽千葉白賞水平。現代園林中草坪、花卉的大量應用已成為一個發48
展趨勢,而且新品種不斷推陳出新。格相協調,對植物的形態、色彩都要認真考慮。如古建築
4園林植物造景的基本原則屋角起翹,外觀庄嚴,宜用高大喬木;北方古建築紅牆黃
4.1根據生態學原理,適地適樹瓦,色彩濃重,多用松柏樹種為基調,葉色濃綠,樹姿雄
任何造景植物都不能脫離生存環境而單獨存在。溫偉,與古建築風格相協調;嶺南建築以體量輕巧、空間通
度、水分、光照、土壤以及空氣等環境因素制約著植物的透、色彩淡雅為人們所喜愛,建築旁用翠竹、芭蕉、棕櫚
正常生長發育。不同的環境因子對植物個體的發育及生態科植物配置,與水、石組合形成一派南國風光。
習性有明顯的影響。環境中各生態因子又是相互聯系、相5.2主次分明,疏密有度
互促進、相互制約的,在景觀環境中常常是多個生態因子園林植物造景時要主次分明,講求疏密有度,師法自
共同作用於植物,單個生態因子的作用只有在其他因子的然,避免人工之態。「先面後點,先主後賓,遠近結
配合下才能顯現出來。只有在深入了解植物的特性和種植合」。從整體考慮,大局入手,然後再考慮局部穿插細
地的環境後,才能合理地進行配置。因此,植物的生態學節,做到「大處添景,小處添趣」;同時植物配置時,還
特性是植物造景的理論基礎之一。要考慮一個景區內樹木搭配協調,要與原有樹木有機組合
4.2根據植物配置的美學原理優化組合,創造不同環境氣氛好,與相鄰空間或遠處的樹木、背景及其它景物彼此相互
植物造景是自然景物在某一空間經過人工組合的配呼應,取得藝術構圖上的完整性。
置,寓情於景,以引起人們生理上的愉快、舒適的反應,5.3利用植物的季相變化,豐富園林景觀
從而達到情感和精神上的超脫。植物單體和群體的組合景依據植物季相演替的時序景觀,是園林植物配置的一
物,可以使人們欣賞到植物姿態美、色彩美和風韻美。園種手法。在植物配置時,可根據不同葉色、花色、花期互
林植物配置的美學原理是指植物景觀設計必須具備科學性相襯托,顯示出季相變化的藝術效果。園林植物總的配置
與藝術性兩個方面的高度統一,即既滿足植物與環境在生效果是二季有花,四季常綠,突出一季景觀的同時要兼顧
態適應性上的統一,又要通過藝術構圖原理,體現出植物其它三季,避免單調、造作和雷同,形成「春季繁花似
個體以及群體的形式美及人們在欣賞時所產生的意境美。錦,夏季綠意盎然,秋季葉色多變,冬季銀裝素裹」,景
植物造景運用統一與變化、對比與協調等美學原則,採用觀各異,近似自然景觀,使人們感悟大自然的生命及其變
有障有敞、有透有漏、有疏有密、有張有弛等造景手法,化,有一種身臨其境的感覺。園林樹種的季相變化,在增
創造富有季相色彩變化並具有豐富園林空間的人工生態植強景觀效應的審美情趣中具有突出視覺功能的作用[11]。
物群落,給人以美的享受。5.4模擬植物的自然生態群落,注意層次
4.3根據植物生態群落要求合理搭配群植的植物群落可以在園林中作為背景、襯景,在自
植物的群落現象與動物的「社會性」是相當類似的。然景區中亦可作為主景。群落不但能形成景觀藝術的效
植物離開了群落,生態適應性也就會下降,也不利於病蟲果,也可改善生態環境。在配置時必須考慮到保持群落的
害的防治。植物是造景設計的主要材料,因此必須從豐富長期穩定性。由喬、灌、花、草共同組成的自然式植物群
多彩的自然植物群落及其表現的形象中汲取創作源泉,必落,植物的高低大小,顏色的濃淡,枝葉的疏密,經過精
須遵循自然植物群落發展的規律。自然植物群落的組成成心搭配,使之達到疏密有致的層次變化,形成優美的自然
分、外貌、季相、群落結構、垂直結構與分層現象,群落植物景觀。
中各植物種間的關系等,都是植物造景中栽培植物群落設5.5注意空間的節奏韻律感
計的科學性理論基礎。掌握自然植物群落的形成和發育,植物造景時應充分考慮園林植物在空間上的立體感和
及其生態群落的特性和生長規律,做到合理搭配,才能達樹形輪廓,通過錯落有致的種植,合理利用起伏的地形,
到植物造景預期的藝術效果。在空間上使曲折迂迴的林緣線、林冠線產生高低錯落的節
4.4統籌安排,全面兼顧奏韻律,形成景觀的韻律美。
植物配置,個體與群體,局部與整體的協調統一尤為6結語
重要,否則雜亂無章,破壞景觀的整體效果。還要兼顧近園林植物造景是城市園林綠化的重要組成部分,它不
期與遠期相結合,生態效益、經濟效益、社會效益相結合僅關系著城市綠化的景觀效果及綜合效益的發揮,而且與
等原則。真正做到以人為本,創造出宜人的景觀環境。城市的植物多樣性保護和景觀多樣性息息相關。汲取中外
5園林植物配置的基本方法造園藝術的精華和生態學、美學等相關學科的知識,科學
5.1因地制宜,合理布局地進行園林植物造景,建設地方特色鮮明、生物多樣性豐
《園冶》雲:「插柳沿堤,栽梅繞屋」,「風生寒富的城市園林綠化景觀,是促進城市園林綠地系統健康、
峭,溪灣柳間栽桃,月隱清征,屋繞梅余種竹」,這兒均持續發展的重要途徑。
涉及到在什麼場合適合配置什麼樣植物的問題。植物與園參考文獻:
林建築配置,能起到豐富構圖,烘托氣氛、形成對比、相[1]牛曉成.中國園林植物造芻議[J].安徽農業大學學
報,1998,(4):60~61.互
滲透的作用,並用來分隔構成空間。「花間隱榭,水際
[2]梁敦睦.中國園林的植物造景[J].廣東園林,1999,(1):20~22.安
亭」,「圍牆隱約蘿間,架屋婉蜒於木末」。園林建築
[3]王磊.植物造景的基本原理及應用[J].林業科技開
掩映於高低錯落的樹叢中,使人產生「覽而愈新」欲觀全發
,2003,17,(5):71~73.
貌而後快的心情。在配置時植物種類的選擇,應與建築風[
4]安懷起.中國園林史[M].同濟大學出版禮,1991.