㈠ 求一篇5000字以上的畢業論文有關交通規劃的
城市道路交通管理規劃與研究
摘要：城市道路交通管理規劃是城市可持續性發展的前提和基礎，本文分析介紹了我國城市道路交通管理規劃的現狀，闡述了交通管理規劃的目的、內容、層次及過程，論述了交通需求預測的分析方法及其相應交通需求模型在交通管理規劃中的應用。
關鍵詞：城市道路交通 管理規劃 交通需求
1.道路交通管理規劃現狀
西方國家城市交通系統發展經歷了兩個階段，即建設階段：二戰後至二十世紀70年代；管理階段：二十世紀80年代至現在。重點在公共交通系統、小汽車發展、單項交通、交通信號控制以及道路的有效利用等多方面進行交通管理規劃。
目前我國城市交通發展的歷程相當於西方國家的60～70年代，與發達國家相比，城市機動車密度還比較低。盡管如此，由機動車引發的環境污染問題和城市交通堵塞問題也很嚴重。這充分說明了我國在道路交通管理方面還存在體制上、行政上和技術上的問題。
隨著全國城市道路交通暢通工程的深入開展，許多城市的交通狀況得到了很大的改觀，而且一系列先進的交通管理設備和先進的管理模式被採用，取得了很好的效果。如廈門、大連、南京、青島、濟南、杭州等城市的交通管理工作均很有成效，先後被評為暢通工程「優秀管理水平」。
取得成績的同時，我們還要清楚地認識到，目前我國城市交通管理總體水平與暢通工程要求還有一定差距。在2000年全國「暢通工程」工作組檢查的138個城市中，42個城市的交通管理規劃工作只達到暢通工程11項要求中的5項要求，20個城市僅滿足4項要求。由此可見，我國在城市交通管理規劃方面遠遠滯後於現代道路交通發展的要求。
城市網路很復雜，交通的運行很復雜，產生交通問題的因素也很復雜，相應制定的城市交通管理方案往往由多個管理策略、管理措施組合而成，任何一個建設或管理措施的實施都會引起整個城市路網上交通運行情況的改變。如將一條路的某個路段改為單行道或單雙號通行、將交叉口的類型改變（無控制改為信號控制）、將某路段改為公交專用道、打通某條路或拓寬某條路等，都會引起整個城市80%～90%以上的主要道路交通流量和車速的改變。因此，交通管理問題是一個系統工程，必須用科學的方法解決，常用的經驗性的方法是不能完全解決的。因此交通管理需要做規劃，實際上，目前一些城市所實施的有些管理措施，都是做過規劃的，只是不太系統、全面而已。
為了改變當前城市交通管理規劃滯後的局面，哈爾濱工業大學、清華大學、同濟大學和東南大學等高校以及公安部交通科學研究所、中國城市規劃設計研究院等部門正致力於部分城市的道路交通規劃編制工作，為提高我國道路交通管理水平作出應有的貢獻。
2.道路交通管理規劃基本內容與方法
2.1 道路交通管理規劃的目的
道路交通管理規劃的目的是解決要不要管、什麼時間管、怎麼管、管什麼地方等問題。通過規劃，人們能預先知道管理策略實施後的效果，避免由於盲目管理而帶來政策上的失衡和經濟上的巨大損失。
2.2 道路交通管理規劃的基本內容
道路交通管理規劃的工作內容主要包括：
（1）城市道路交通現狀調查
應調查、搜集的資料包括：交通小區劃分及小區經濟、土地利用資料、交通網路結構及道路幾何要素資料、歷史道路交通量及流向資料、居民出行特徵資料、機動車出行特徵資料、貨物出行特徵資料、現有交通管理設施及效果資料等。在這方面，由於交通調查面廣，調查工作量大，資金投入多，因此，有的城市交通規劃編制單位，甚至有關政府部門領導對基礎數據調查工作不夠重視，認為只要在原有交通規劃資料搜集的基礎上，作些補充調查即可，以致於規劃方案與現實脫節，其針對性和可操作性差。這是一種極為錯誤和片面的觀點，應引起有關部門的高度重視。
（2）現狀分析與問題的診斷
從道路基礎設施狀況、土地利用與公共交通、交通管理設施及現代化程度、交通秩序、交通質量及交通安全以及交通管理體制、政策、規劃及宣傳教育等方面對城市道路交通及管理現狀進行分析、診斷。
（3）城市交通需求分析
通過交通需求模型的建立和計算（具體模型及方法將在下一節討論），獲得交通管理規劃方案實施（評價）年份的各車種（客車、摩托車、公交車、計程車、貨車、自行車）的OD矩陣，為後期交通規劃提供規劃依據和參數。
（4）城市交通管理方案的制定
一個城市的交通管理方案，往往是由多種管理策略和數種管理措施組合而成的。一般包括交通需求管理策略，如優先發展策略、限制發展策略、禁止出行策略、經濟杠桿策略；交通系統管理策略，如結點交通管理、干線交通管理、區域交通管理。
（5）城市交通管理方案的評價
通過方案評價，分析交通管理措施是如何影響交通流的，預測交通管理措施實施下的交通運行指標，分析是否達到了管理目標。
交通管理方案的評價可按道路網路抽象化、交通管理方案抽象化、交通流重分布模擬以及管理效果分析四個步驟進行。
3.交通需求模型的建立及發展預測
交通需求預測是城市道路交通管理規劃工作的基礎，要做好一個城市的交通管理規劃，首先要對出行進行定量預測，並對某一交通設施或系統進行分析、論證，各個路段、路口以及整個路網的通行能力都必須滿足現狀、近期或遠期出行的交通需求，因此只有搞好流量預測才能了解該路網能否滿足該城市的出行需求，並由此加以改善。
3.1 出行生成預測
居民出行產生預測的目的是建立小區居民出行發生量和吸引量與小區土地利用、社會經濟特徵等變數之間的定量關系，推算規劃年各交通小區的居民出行發生量、吸引量。出行產生包括出行發生與出行吸引。居民出行產生預測的方法很多，常用的方法有交叉分類法、回歸分析法、生成率法、吸引率法及平均出行次數法等。
居民出行分布預測是將預測的各分區出行發生量、吸引量轉化為未來交通分區之間的出行交換量的過程。預測方法大體分為三類，即：增長率法、概率模型法和重力模型法。其中，雙約束重力模型法在國內外交通規劃中使用最為廣泛。
3.2 交通分配預測
在掌握各分區出行產生、出行吸引，以及出行分布情況後，即知道了各分區之間有多少出行交換量後，就可著手進行交通分配。交通分配就是把各分區之間的空間 O-D量分配到具體的交通網路上。通過交通分配所獲得的路段、交叉口交通量資料是檢驗道路規劃網路是否合理的主要依據之一。目前，道路交通管理規劃中應用較廣泛的交通分配是隨機用戶平衡模型(Stochastic User Equilibrium)。該模型建立了路段行駛時間與路段交通量之間的函數關系，並考慮了通行能力的限制，通過反復迭代計算，直至達到要求的精度為止，最後分配出各路段上的交通量。
3.3 停車需求預測
世界上許多大城市均對停車需求預測進行過深入研究，由於各國國情不同、城市發展形態不同、經濟增長不同，停車預測模式也不同，其計算方法差異較大。常用的預測模型有：停車生成率模型、用地與交通影響分析模型、相關分析模型、機動車OD預測模型、交通量-停車需求模型、靜態交通發生率模型。下面對應用較為廣泛的靜態交通發生率模型和交通量-停車需求模型作一簡要介紹。
（1）靜態交通發生率模型
根據停車調查數據匯總可得到各交通小區的日停車數，再根據停放車輛車型比例換算為標准車，利用綜合交通規劃中社會經濟與土地利用現狀及發展預測所提供的現狀和近、遠期規劃年的就業崗位數，抽取一定的樣本，可建立靜態交通發生率模型：
Pij=∑aiLij （i=1，……，m j=1，……，n） （1）
式中：Pij為預測年第j交通小區的基本日停車需求（標准車次/日）；ai 為第i類用地的靜態交通發生率（標准車次/100工作崗位·日）；Lij為預測年第j交通小區第i類用地的就業崗位數（人）；n為小區數；m為用地分類數。
對模型的求解採用非線性優化的方法，即建立非線性優化模型：
式中參數意義同前。
（2）交通量-停車需求模型
通過對幾種停車需求預測方法的比較可知，該模型雖不能具體得到區域內每一土地使用的停車設施需求量，但由於它與動態交通的預測方法相結合，因此比較適用於對交通小區的宏觀停車需求分析。因此該模型可用來檢驗靜態交通發生率模型的計算結果。
模型表達式為：
logPi=Ao+A1·logVki+A2·logVhi （3）
式中：Pi為預測年第i交通小區的日停車需求量（標准車次/日）；Vki為預測年第i交通小區的客車日出行吸引量（標准車次/日）；Vhi為預測年第i交通小區的貨車日出行吸引量（標准車次/日）；Ao、A1、A2為回歸系數。
參考文獻：
1.庄嚴、羅輯.促進城市交通發展、走城市交通可持續發展之路. 交通工程通訊，2000（2）
2.蓋春英、裴玉龍.基於公路網的路段交通量預測方法研究. 交通工程通訊，2001（2）
3.王煒、徐吉謙、楊濤、李旭宏.城市交通規劃理論及其應用. 南京:東南大學出版社,1998.
4.TransCAD Transportation GIS Software (Travel Demand Modeling with TransCAD 3.2)，1999.
5.Meyer D. Urban Transportation Planning. McGraw-Hill Book Company，1984.
㈡ 城市規劃畢業論文畢業論文,怎麼寫創新點，從哪裡做起
同學，如果你抄還沒動襲筆開始，最好還是自己先了解下怎麼寫，看看自己有沒有時間跟精力去寫，最主要的還是時間的問題 。覺得一時也完成不了，再找人幫忙，我去年畢業的時候主要是沒時間去弄，後來直接在聞聞論文在線輔導老師幫我解決，我覺得還不錯，反正答辯都通過了。
jekyaeup看下吧afzbxgxyps
㈢ 求城鎮規劃畢業設計總結報告
就業雜樣
㈣ 那位高手能幫我下載幾篇關於「城市規劃評估」類的博士論文，或者提供知網免費密碼跪謝！
[email protected]密碼1234567d
知網的密碼只能通過學校的網路使用，其他的網路不好使的
㈤ 城鎮規劃與建設這類的畢業論文怎麼寫可以得優秀
我寫的《城市規劃中的文化發展策略研究》，通過城市綠地、水系、公共回空間等要素有效整合文答化遺產、文化設施、文化創意產業集聚區和各功能區,構建文化發展的整體網路。文化網路的建設中強調打造重要文化節點和文化旗艦,建設文化地區。
開始也感覺很難的，也是同學發我的莫『文網，確實很霸道啊，沒幾天就幫忙搞定了
㈥ 求畢業設計--城市規劃類 外文文獻
推薦到OA圖書館查詢。
輸入英文關鍵詞。
㈦ 跪求: 城市規劃專業 的 外文論文
1 defers to "the State Council about To strengthen City and countryside To plan Management by supervision Notice" (country to send the [2002]13 number) and "the Ministry of construction <the State Council about Strengthens City and countryside about the Implementation Realization To plan Management by supervision Notice> Notice" (constructs the gauge [2002]204 number) the request, for the standard our province each kind of urban planning compulsory content, the basis ministry of construction "Urban planning Compulsory Content Temporary provisions", formulates this regulation.
1.1 establishes the urban planning compulsory content the guiding ideology is: The realization science development view, the implementation 「four insistences」, namely the insistence economic development is a center, persisted serves for the most general populations, persisted the sustainable development, persisted realistic, emphasizes the actual effect, does what one can.Regulates and stops each kind effectively the construction development behavior which does not adapt with 「four insistences」, guaranteed city each kind of resources the reasonable use, guides our province urbanization the healthy development.1.2 urban planning compulsory content, is refers to in the cities system plan, the city overall plan, the city detailed plan involves the region coordinated development, the resources use, the environmental protection, scenery scenic spot aspect and so on resource management, nature and cultural heritage protection, public benefit and public security contents.
The urban planning compulsory content is the cities system plan, the city overall plan, the city detailed plan necessary content.
1.3 urban planning compulsory content must conform to the country, province each kind of related standard, the union local urban planning management technology stipulation research formulation.
1.4 cities system plan, the overall plan already authorized, had to supplement consummated the compulsory content.The new establishment plan, specially the detailed plan and the near future will construct the plan, will have to be clear about the compulsory content.Must have the accurate mark on the blueprint, has in the text is clear about, the standard indication.
The urban planning compulsory content is carries on the surveillance inspection to the urban planning implementation the basic basis.The plan definite compulsory content needs to announce to the society.
2 cities system plan compulsory content:
2.1 needs to protect strictly region and control development region and control target.2.1.1 nature protection areas:
Is clear about the nature protection area branching location, the protectorate rank and the main protection object, delimits the nature protection area scope demarcation line.The natural conservation regionalization divides into the core area, the buffer and the experimental plot, is clear about the limit and the prohibition development construction content, the plan control standard as well as the management measure correspondingly.
In the core area the strict prohibition each kind of engineering construction and proction management which has nothing to do with with the resources conservation.
In the buffer may be engaged in by the authorization, the non-destructive scientific research, the teaching practice and specimen gathering.Does not have to construct any proction facilities.
In the experimental plot may be engaged in by the authorized scientific experiments, the teaching practice, the visit inspects, the traveling, as well as the domestication, the reproction rare and precious, is in imminent danger activities and so on wild animals and plants.Does not have to construct the pollution environment, the destruction resources and the landscape proction facilities.
2.1.2 scenery scenic spot area:
Is clear about the scenery scenic spot area branching location, the nature, the main function and the scenery scenic spot area rank, delimits the scenery scenic spot area scope demarcation line.Delimits the core protectorate (including ecology protectorate, natural landscape protectorate and historical site protectorate) the extent of protection, is clear about the protection key and the protective measures.According to 「the strict protection, the unification management, the reasonable development, continues forever uses」 the principle, is clear about in the scenery scenic spot area the limit and the prohibition development construction content and the management request.
In the core protectorate the strict prohibition each kind of engineering construction which has nothing to do with with the resources conservation.In the scenic area, the classical botanical garden and in the periphery control area, does not have to construct the instry and mining enterprise, the warehouse, the hospital and so on has nothing to do with and the destruction landscape with the scenery and the tour, the pollution environment, the hindrance tour project and the facility.
Delimits in the scenic area scope and the plan in the natural environment retention region, does not have the newly built guesthouse, the boarding house, the country club, the sanatorium organization, the management structure, the quarters and other big-scale work facility.
If any new items of basic construction nature, the layout, the building modelling, the amount of space occupied, highly and the color and so on, should locate the environment coordinates.
2.1.3 other ecology sensitive areas:
Is clear about the large-scale lake, the wetland, the water source protectorate, divides the flood detention area, takes back from agriculture also the forest (also grass, also lake) the area, the basic farmland protectorate, the underground mineral resource distributes the area and so on each kind of protection and controls the region the position and the scope.Is clear about the related local protection and the government goal, the control target, the limit and the prohibition development construction content.
In the region development, avoids the ecology sensitive area as far as possible, reces to the wild animals and plants destruction, completes the conservation of water and soil work, enhances the afforested coverage fraction, guaranteed certain water surface rate, the enhancement wetland protection, does not have to rece the ecology sensitive area the area.
Should take the protection measure to the water resources, the control shore water district construction, carries out aspect the strictly and so on water pollution preventing and controlling and water source water quality protection stipulations.
Does not have to destroy the ecology sensitive area the flood prevention, drains waterlogged land ability and from only ability, does not have to destroy the biological resources and the ecological environment.
In ecology sensitive area any construction, must control severely, maintains the natural style environment, the maintenance ecological equilibrium.
2.2 regional characteristic significant infrastructure layout:
Is clear about the regional characteristic significant infrastructure the position and moves towards, the corresponding control standard.
The regional characteristic significant infrastructure must be clear about the coordinated request with each related city relation, controls the correlation to use.2.2.1 is clear about the highway, the level road, the second-class road, the region track transportation (city border railroad, region passenger transportation track transportation) the trend; Is clear about the harbor, the airport, the physical distribution center position.
2.2.2 is clear about the large-scale hydro-junction project, the region flood prevention, the flood detention backbone project position, the region water supply, the accent water project trend; Is clear about position which the regional power plant, 500KV (or 300KV) the transformer substation, the natural tire valve stand, 500KV (or 300KV) high tension grid and natural gas branch tube trend; Is clear about the regional information key position the position, the communication line trend.
2.2.3 is clear about the neighboring city to be connected the waters the water environment function control request and the related target; Is clear about the city intake, the city sewage discharge outlet controls the waters scope, the regional characteristic altogether constructs the water works, the sewage treatment plant, the large-scale garbage disposal plant position; Is clear about the regional characteristic each kind of infrastructure the protection request.
3 city overall plan compulsory content:
3.1 is clear about the limits to have to protect and the control development region strictly.Including: Scenery ecology sensitive areas and so on scenic spot area, large-scale lake, wetland, water source protectorate, basic farmland protectorate, underground mineral resource distributed area.
3.2 urban constructions use:
3.2.1 is clear about in the plan time the urban construction with the place development scale, the development direction, in the limits plan time the urban construction uses the place the scope;
3.2.2 uses according to the construction to appraise the determination land use restrictive regulations, delimits the land use restrictive district demarcation line;
3.2.3 is clear about city each kind of park and the green space position, the scope and the index of correlation and the plan request.
3.3 city infrastructure and public service facilities:
3.3.1 is clear about the city primary and secondary yang or male principle trend, the city track transportation line trend; Is clear about the railroad and the station yard, the harbor, the airport, the mass transit key position, the large-scale parking lot position.3.3.2 is clear about the city intake and the protectorate scope, the power plant, the 110KV above transformer substation, the natural tire valve stands, the large-scale fuel gas gas storage stands as well as facility and so on trash and sewage treatment positions; Is clear about for the water and the draining water branch tube, the natural gas branch tube trend, the position, the underground utilities common ditch moves towards and the influence scope, the high-pressured power line corridor, the microwave channel and receives the sending a letter area extent of protection.
3.3.3 is clear about the culture, the information, the ecation, the health, the sports and so on each kind of public service key facility scale, the position and the related technical specification and the plan request.
3.4 historical city protection:
3.4.1 determination historical city protection general goals and protection key.Overall considered the old city the protection, manifests specifically in the historical river lake river system, the traditional spool thread, the old city city gallery, the building highly, city aspect and so on landscape line, old tree famous wood protection requests and the concrete control target, the stipulation.
3.4.2 is clear about all levels of key cultural relic preservation organ, the historical culture protectorate, the historical architectural complex, the important underground cultural relic disposal area concrete position, the demarcation line.Delimits the extent of protection, the construction control region, is clear about the protective measures, the control target and the stipulation.
3.5 city disaster prevention project:
3.5.1 is clear about the city flood control standard, the flood-dam trend.
3.5.2 is clear about the city earthquake resistance and the fire prevention disperses the backbone channel.
3.5.3 city main civil air defense facility, fire facility position.
3.5.4 is clear about the geological disaster to protect the stipulation.
3.6 cities will construct the plan in the near future:
3.6.1 will be clear about the city to construct key and the development in the near future uses the scale.
3.6.2 will be clear about the near future to construct uses the place the concrete position and the scope.
3.6.3 is clear about controls and guides the urban development the stipulation.
3.6.4 delimits the land use restrictive district demarcation line and historical control areas and so on culture protectorate, scenery scenic spot area, is clear about the corresponding plan measure.4 city detailed plan compulsory content:
4.1 controllability detailed plans is clear about the division to be possible to use in developing the construction directly the land parcel, stipulated various land parcels use the nature, the building density, the building control highly, the volume fraction, the green areas coverage rate, the parking berth and other need disposition targets and so on public utility; Carries out the city 「four」 the plan control content, proposes maintenance main public space aspect and so on environment quality, visual landscape control as well as historical culture protection in view of the specific land sector plan requests.
4.2 construction detailed plan concrete determination plan construction, green space, path, square, parking lot, river lake water surface position and scope; Is clear about the road junction coordinates, the elevation, each kind of municipal administration public facility pipeline position, caliber, major control point elevation, as well as related facility and construction position.
5 plan planning board when establishes various levels urban planning must rest on the ministry of construction "Urban planning Compulsory Content Temporary provisions", the standard compulsory content, and to plans the achievement to take the comprehensive technical responsibility.
6 urban planning administration department responsible for the work provides the plan design conditions, the examination items of basic construction, the no violation whatsoever will permitted urban planning compulsory content.7 adjusts the urban planning compulsory content, must organize to prove, the adjustment necessity to the plan examination and approval institution proposed the report on a special topic, in which involves the public rights and interests, must carry on male shows, only then carries on the adjustment after the examination authorization.After the adjustment plan must defer to the stipulated procere to examine and approve.
中文版他們要錢.....對不住了