⑴ 請問,我要寫《中英思維模式的差異對翻譯的影響》的開題報告,要怎麼寫提綱啊,研究方法等等,幫幫忙吧
你要寫這個主題怎麼一點兒頭緒都沒有呢?別人給你個提綱你能填進去內容嗎?
初步感覺,提綱大致分為以下部分
一、緒論
為什麼研究這個問題,國內外研究現狀,研究的理論價值和現實意義
二、中英思維模式的差異
相關爭論（有沒有,什麼樣?）；
三、在翻譯上的表現（
具體的翻譯差異,舉例子——總結成條
四、對翻譯教育的啟示
研究方法就是文獻研究吧,如果可能還可以用一下問卷調查（具體要看你的 思路）
⑵ 英漢句子主語差異比較及其翻譯的開題報告
題干條件不完整
⑶ 請問,我要寫《中英思維模式的差異對翻譯的影響》的開題報告,要怎麼寫提綱啊,研究方法等等，幫幫忙吧
你要寫這個主題怎麼一點兒頭緒都沒有呢？別人給你個提綱你能填進去內容嗎？
初步感覺，提綱大致分為以下部分
一、緒論
為什麼研究這個問題，國內外研究現狀，研究的理論價值和現實意義
二、中英思維模式的差異
相關爭論（有沒有，什麼樣？）；
三、在翻譯上的表現（
具體的翻譯差異，舉例子——總結成條
四、對翻譯教育的啟示
研究方法就是文獻研究吧，如果可能還可以用一下問卷調查（具體要看你的 思路）
⑷ 中西文化差異對英漢翻譯的影響 開題報告
你可以看 一下下面的參考資料：
hokvchuonv21226601842011-10-13 5:38:22
中西文化差異對國際商務活動的影內響及對策汪清囡 【摘要容】：在國際商務活動中,文化對於商務活動的各個方面都有著直接的影響。因為世界各國在文化方面差異很大,如時間觀、空間觀念、平等觀念、法制觀念等。所以,在商務活動中只有了解了對方的文化,才能使我國企業順利開展國際商務活動。【作者單位】： 【關鍵詞】： 文化差異 國際商務活動 影響 對策 【分類號】：F740.4 【DOI】：CNKI:SUN:QUIT.0.2006-12-019 【正文快照】： 國際商務活動既是一種經濟活動,同時也是一種文化活動。中國商務人員要在國外尋求市場、供應商、合作夥伴、建立附屬公司或合資企業,需要與具有不同文化背景、使用不同語言的商人進行商務往來,很有必要精心研究文化差異對國際商務活動帶來的影響,並採取相應的對策,使我國企業
⑸ 中英習語翻譯比較的論文開題報告怎麼寫
可以搬忙做的哦。
日記、參觀記、回憶錄，以及一部分書信等。
側重記事的論文，以敘述事情的發生、發展、經過和結果為重點，如《一面》。
側重狀物的論文，以狀物為主，借象徵抒懷，如《白楊禮贊》《石榴》《海燕》。
⑹ 求英漢電影字幕翻譯的開題報告
GLAMGIPI是什麼意思呢？
⑺ 英語翻譯論文論文開題報告怎麼寫
開題報告，老師一般會給模板，還要看你題目是什麼。這是我的開題報告，你參考一下吧。
課題名稱
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
試析顏色詞的中英文化內涵差異
課題來源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、課題背景及意義 (課題的立題依據及研究意義)
Research Background:
A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people』s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture.
When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people』s daily life.
Research Significance:
As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.
二、課題研究現狀及發展趨勢 (課題研究領域的發展現狀及可能的發展方向)
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists』 attention. The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words. This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, e to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions. Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences. The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..
Research Tendency:
21st century』s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad. The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.
三、研究內容及研究目標 (對研究的內容進行說明，並闡明要達到的目標)
Research Contents:
A. Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified
1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit
1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate
2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful
2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger
B. Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky
1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty
2. Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms
2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor
2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid
C. Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms
1. Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.
2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss
D. Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing
2. Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative
2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease
Research Objectives:
I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.
四、預計的研究難點 (課題研究過程中可能遇到的理論難題或技術難點)
With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem; how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem. As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult. Possible problems also contain: (1) Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars; (2) Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality e to lack of the knowledge related.
五、創新點 (選題、觀點、理論、材料、方法等創新點)
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words. What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.
六、進度計劃 (根據研究內容及研究目標所預計的進度安排)
1. Nov.16th - Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing
2. Nov.23rd - Dec.20th , 2008 Data gathering
3. Dec.21st - Jan.10th , 2009 Opening report & detailed outline
4. Jan.11th - Feb.8th, 2009 Literature review
5. Feb.9th - Mar.14th, 2009 First draft
6. Mar.15th - Apr.10th, 2009 Second draft
7. Apr.11th - Apr.20th, 2009 Final version
8. Apr.27th - May 14th, 2009 Printing
9. May 17th - May 25th, 2009 Thesis debate
七、資料來源 (指能夠支持「課題背景」、「課題研究現狀及發展趨勢」所論述內容的主要文獻資料)
[1] Baugh, A.C. & Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language [M]. Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[2] Eckersley, C.E. Brighter English [M]. London: Longman, 1979.
[3] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Mac Millan Ecation, 1985.
[4] Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner』s Dictionary of Current English [Z]. London: Oxford University, 1974.
[5] Knowles, G. A Cultural History of the English Language [M]. U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.
[6] Lott, B. A Course in English Language and Literature [M]. U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.
[7] Lyons, J. Language and Linguistics [M]. London: Longman, 1981.
[8] Wales, K. Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[9] Wu Weizen. History and Anthology of English Literature [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.
[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan. Modern English Lexicology [M]. Peking: Metallurgical Instry Press, 2007.
[11] 陳永燁.「英漢顏色詞所表現的中西文化差異」 [J].《遼寧工程技術大學學報》，2005，(7).
[12] 戴煒棟,何兆熊.《新編簡明英語語言學教程》[A].上海:上海外語出版社,2002.
[13] 鄧炎昌，劉潤清.《語言與文化》[M].北京:外語教學與研究出版社，1991.
[14] 蔣棟元.「論顏色及顏色詞的文化差異」 [J]. 《四川外語學院學報》，2002，(3).
[15] 唐振華.「英漢顏色詞的翻譯」 [J].《中國科技翻譯》，1997，(2).
指導教師意見:(對課題的認可意見)
指導教師
年 月 日
系(教研室)審查意見:
系(教研室)主任:
年 月 日
⑻ 求一篇翻譯類論文的開題報告 英文的
United States Senate Committee on Appropriations
The United States Senate Committee on Appropriations is a standing committee of the United States Senate. It has jurisdiction over all discretionary spending legislation in the Senate.
The Senate Appropriations Committee is the largest committee in the U.S. Senate, consisting of 30 members. Its role is defined by the U.S. Constitution, which requires "appropriations made by law" prior to the expenditure of any money from the Treasury, and is therefore one of the most powerful committees in the Senate. The committee was first organized on March 6, 1867, when power over appropriations was taken out of the hands of the Finance Committee.
The appropriations process
The federal budget is divided into two main categories: discretionary spending and mandatory spending. Each appropriations subcommittee develops a draft appropriations bill covering each agency under its jurisdiction based on the Congressional Budget Resolution, which is drafted by an analogous Senate Budget committee. Each subcommittee must adhere to the spending limits set by the budget resolution and allocations set by the full Appropriations Committee, though the full Senate may vote to waive those limits if 60 senators vote to do so. The committee also reviews supplemental spending bills (covering unforeseen or emergency expenses not previously budgeted).
Each appropriations bill must be passed by both houses of Congress and signed by the president prior to the start of the federal fiscal year, October 1. If that target is not met, as has been common in recent years, the committee drafts a continuing resolution, which is then approved by Congress and signed by the President to keep the federal government operating until the indivial bills are approved.