㈠ 求寫英文經濟論文：Economic performance depends on effective government regulations, do you agree
我是卧龍崗讀ets的~貌似跟我同班~網路都能搜到········
㈡ 經濟類的英文論文
Half-way from rags to riches
Apr 24th 2008
From The Economist print edition
Vietnam has made a remarkable recovery from war and penury, says Peter Collins (interviewed here). But can it change enough to join the rich world?
Eyevine
Correction to this article
KNEES and knuckles scraping the ground, the visitors struggle to keep up with the tour guide who is briskly leading the way through the labyrinth of claustrophobic burrows g into the hard earth. The legendary Cu Chi tunnels, from which the Viet Cong launched waves of surprise attacks on the Americans ring the Vietnam war, are now a popular tourist attraction (pictured above). Visitors from all over the world arrive daily at the site near the city that used to be called Saigon, renamed Ho Chi Minh City after the Communists took the south in 1975.
Alongside the wreckage of an abandoned M41 tank another friendly guide demonstrates a dozen types of improvised booby-traps with sharp spikes that were set in and around the tunnels to maim pursuing American soldiers. The Vietnamese not only welcome the tourist dollars Cu Chi brings in, but are also rather proud of it. They feel it demonstrates their ingenuity, adaptability, perseverance and, above all, their determination to resist much stronger foreign invaders, as the country has done many times down the centuries.
These days Vietnam also has plenty of other things to be proud of. In the 1980s Ho Chi Minh's successors as party leaders damaged the war-ravaged economy even more by attempting to introce real communism, collectivising land ownership and repressing private business. This caused the country to slide to the brink of famine. The collapse soon afterwards of its cold-war sponsor, the Soviet Union, added to the country's deep isolation and cut off the flow of roubles that had kept its economy going. Neighbouring countries were inundated with desperate Vietnamese 「boat people」.
Since then the country has been transformed by almost two decades of rapid but equitable growth, in which Vietnam has flung open its doors to the outside world and liberalised its economy. Over the past decade annual growth has averaged 7.5%. Young, prosperous and confident Vietnamese throng downtown Ho Chi Minh City's smart Dong Khoi street with its designer shops. The quality of life is high for a country that until recently was so poor, and its larger cities have retained some of their colonial charm, though choking traffic and constant construction work are beginning to take their toll.
An agricultural miracle has turned a country of 85m once barely able to feed itself into one of the world's main providers of farm proce. Vietnam has also become a big exporter of clothes, shoes and furniture, soon to be joined by microchips when Intel opens its $1 billion factory outside Ho Chi Minh City. Imports of machinery are soaring. Exports plus imports equal 160% of GDP, making the economy one of the world's most open.
All this has kept government revenues buoyant despite cuts in import tariffs. The recent introction of company taxes is also helping to fill the government's coffers. Spending on public services has surged, yet public debt, at an acceptable 43% of GDP, has remained fairly stable.
Having made peace with its former foes, Vietnam hosted Presidents Bush, Putin and Hu at the Asia-Pacific summit in 2006 and joined the World Trade Organisation in 2007. This year it has one of the rotating seats on the UN Security Council.
Vietnam's Communists conceded economic defeat 22 years ago, in the depths of a crisis, and brought in market-based reforms called doi moi (renewal), similar to those Deng Xiaoping had introced in China a few years earlier. As in China, it took time for the effects to show up, but over the past few years economic liberalisation has been fostering rapid, poverty-recing growth.
The World Bank's representative in Vietnam, Ajay Chhibber, calls Vietnam a 「poster child」 of the benefits of market-oriented reforms. Not only does it comply with the catechism of the 「Washington Consensus」— enterprise, free trade, sensible state finances and so on—but it also ticks all the boxes for the Millennium Development Goals, the UN's anti-poverty blueprint. The proportion of households with electricity has doubled since the early 1990s, to 94%. Almost all children now attend primary school and benefit from at least basic literacy.
Vietnam no longer really needs the multilateral organisations' aid. Multilateral and bilateral donors together have promised the country $5.4 billion in loans and grants this year, but with so much foreign investment pouring in, Vietnam's currency reserves increased by almost double that figure last year. At least the aid donors have learned from the mid-1990s, when excessive praise discouraged Vietnam from continuing to reform, prompting an exos of investors. Now the tone in private meetings with officials is much franker, says a diplomat who attends them.
Vietnam has become the darling of foreign investors and multinationals. Firms that draw up a 「China-plus-one」 strategy for new factories in case things go awry in China itself often make Vietnam the plus-one. Wage costs remain well below those in southern China and proctivity is growing faster, albeit from a lower base. When the UN Conference on Trade and Development asked multinationals where they planned to invest this year and next, Vietnam, at number six, was the only South-East Asian country in the top ten.
The government's programme of selling stakes in publicly owned firms and exposing them to market discipline has recently gathered pace. At the same time the switch from a command economy to free competition has allowed the Vietnamese people's entrepreneurialism to flourish. Almost every household now seems to be running a micro-business on the side, and a slew of ambitious larger firms is coming to the stockmarket.
Much of the praise now being showered anew on the country is deserved. The government is well on course for its target of turning Vietnam into a middle-income country by 2010. Its longer-term aim, of becoming a modern instrial nation by 2020, does not seem unrealistic.
But from now on the going may get tougher. As Mr Chhibber notes, few countries escape the 「middle-income trap」 as they become richer. They tend to lose their reformist zeal and see their growth fizzle. A study in 2006 by the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences concluded that further rections in poverty will require higher growth rates than in the past because the remaining poor are well below the poverty line, whereas many of those who recently crossed it did not have far to go.
The stench of corruption
The Communist Party leadership openly admits that the Vietnamese public is fed up with the endemic corruption at all levels of public life, from lowly traffic policemen and clerks to the most senior people in ministries. In 2006, just before the party's five-yearly congress, the transport minister resigned and several officials were arrested over a scandal in which millions of dollars of foreign aid were gambled on the outcome of football matches. The leadership insists it is doing its best to clean up, but a lot remains to be done.
Almost as bad as the corruption is the glacial speed of legislative and bureaucratic processes. Proposed laws have to pass through all sorts of hoops before taking effect, with endless rounds of consultations to build consensus. The dividing line between the Communist Party, the government and the courts is not always clear. The justice system is rudimentary. Lawyers have no formal access to past case files, so they find it hard to use precedent in legal argument.
The government is part-way through a huge project to slim the bureaucracy and streamline official proceres. It recently cut the number of ministries from 28 to 22. Yet for the moment the bureaucratic logjam is stopping the country building the roads, power stations and other public works it needs to maintain its growth rate. Nguyen Tan Dung, the prime minister, says that if growth is to continue at its current rate, the country's electricity-generating capacity needs to double by 2010. That seems a tall order, to put it mildly.
Soaring car-ownership is leaving the country's underdeveloped roads increasingly gridlocked. In an admirably liberal attempt to limit price distortions as oil surged above $100 a barrel, the government slashed fuel subsidies in February. But one effect will be to stoke inflation, already worryingly high at 19.4% in March. Bank lending surged by 38% last year as firms and indivials borrowed to speculate on shares and property.
The government is finding it much harder to manage an economy made up of myriad private companies, banks and investors than to issue instructions to a limited number of state institutions, especially as the public sector is currently suffering a drain of talent to private firms that are able to offer much higher pay.
What could go wrong
All this leaves Vietnam's continued economic development exposed to a number of risks:
• Rising inflation—which is hurting low earners in particular—and a growing shortage of affordable housing could create a new urban underclass among unskilled workers who have left the land for the cities. Combined with rising resentment at official corruption and the increasing visibility of Vietnam's new rich, this could cause social friction and bring strikes and protests, chipping away at the political stability that has underpinned Vietnam's strong growth and investment.
• Trade liberalisation and increased domestic competition will benefit some firms and farmers but hurt others—especially inefficient state enterprises. These could join forces and press the government to halt or even reverse the reforms.
• The slumping stockmarket or perhaps a property crash could cause a big firm or bank to fail. Given the country's weak and untested bankruptcy laws and financial regulators, the authorities may find it hard to deal with that kind of calamity.
• Natural disasters, from bird flu to floods, could cause chaos.
• The economy could come up against the limits of its creaking infrastructure and the shortage of people with higher skills. Jammed roads, power blackouts and the inability to fill managerial and professional jobs could all bring Vietnam's growth rate crashing down.
Vietnam has set itself such demanding standards that even if some combination of these factors did no more than push annual growth below 5%, it would be seen as a serious setback. The foreign minister, Pham Gia Khiem, notes that Vietnam's current growth of around 8-9% is lower than that in Asia's richest economies at the same stage in their development.
Despite the risks ahead, Vietnam has already provided the world with an admirable model for overcoming war, division, penury and isolation and growing strongly but equitably to reach middle-income status. This model could be followed by many impoverished African states or, closer to home, perhaps by North Korea. If it can be combined with graal political liberalisation, it might even offer something for China to think about.
㈢ 英文版經濟論文
經濟學家 雜志上多的是
㈣ 求助寫經濟論文，英文的
The economy of the United Kingdom is the sixth-largest national economy in the world measured by nominal GDP and seventh-largest measured by purchasing power parity (PPP), and the third-largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP (after Germany and France) and second-largest measured by PPP (after Germany). The UK』s GDP per capita is the 20th highest in the world in nominal terms and the 17th highest measured by PPP. The British economy comprises (in descending order of size) the economies of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the G7, the G8, the G20, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank, the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations.
㈤ 關於經濟方面的畢業論文 格式要英文的 那種
現在畢業不好找工作
寫文章也比較費時間
關於經濟方面的
還是找一個專業的人幫你寫
節省一個月的時間
可以好好去找下工作
推薦一下，希望可以給你點參考，他們是完成文章,滿意再付費的.
加他為好友就行
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一
零
③
七
二
五
二
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五
七
㈥ 英文論文的具體格式是什麼
每個學校的要求的格式都是不同的
這個格式你學校的網址會有
或者你找指導老師要
實在不行，告訴我你的學校，你發給你
1、論文題目：要求准確、簡練、醒目、新穎。
2、目錄：目錄是論文中主要段落的簡表。（短篇論文不必列目錄）
3、提要：是文章主要內容的摘錄，要求短、精、完整。字數少可幾十字，多不超過三百字為宜。
4、關鍵詞或主題詞：關鍵詞是從論文的題名、提要和正文中選取出來的，是對表述論文的中心內容有實質意義的詞彙。關鍵詞是用作機系統標引論文內容特徵的詞語，便於信息系統匯集，以供讀者檢索。
每篇論文一般選取3-8個詞彙作為關鍵詞，另起一行，排在「提要」的左下方。主題詞是經過規范化的詞，在確定主題詞時，要對論文進行主題，依照標引和組配規則轉換成主題詞表中的規范詞語。
5、論文正文：
（1）引言：引言又稱前言、序言和導言，用在論文的開頭。
引言一般要概括地寫出作者意圖，說明選題的目的和意義,
並指出論文寫作的范圍。引言要短小精悍、緊扣主題。
（2）論文正文：正文是論文的主體，正文應包括論點、論據、
論證過程和結論。主體部分包括以下內容：
a.提出-論點；
b.分析問題-論據和論證；
c.解決問題-論證與步驟；
d.結論。
6、一篇論文的參考文獻是將論文在和寫作中可參考或引證的主要文獻資料，列於論文的末尾。參考文獻應另起一頁，標注方式按《GB7714-87文後參考文獻著錄規則》進行。中文：標題--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--標題--出版物信息所列參考文獻的要求是：
（1）所列參考文獻應是正式出版物，以便讀者考證。
（2）所列舉的參考文獻要標明序號、著作或文章的標題、作者、出版物信息。
㈦ 英文論文的詳細格式
外國語學院英語論文格式規范(附樣例)
A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms
（題目：二號,黑體,加粗,居中,除了英語小詞外,其他單詞首字母都要大寫；另外：除了題目外,論文中所有英文的字體均採用「Times New Roman」）
外國語學院 2001級英語教育
1030120011XX XXX 指導老師：XXX
（學院、專業、學號、作者姓名、指導教師姓名（小四號宋體字,加粗）,依次排印在論文題目下,上空二行,居中）
【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of ……
（英文摘要：上空二行；題目採用五號「Times New Roman」字體,加粗,置於粗體方括弧【】內,頂格放置；隨後的內容與前面的粗體方括弧【】之間空一格,不用其他任何標點符號；採用五號「Times New Roman」字體,不加粗；單倍行距.）
【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese
（英文關鍵詞：題目採用五號「Times New Roman」字體,加粗,兩個單詞的首字母要大寫,置於粗體方括弧【】內,頂格放置；隨後的內容與前面的粗體方括弧【】之間空一格,不用任何其他標點符號,採用五號「Times New Roman」字體,不加粗,除了專有名詞外,其他單詞的首字母不大寫,各單詞之間用分號「；」隔開,分號之後空一格；最後一個關鍵詞之後不用任何標點符號；單倍行距.）
1. Introction
(頂格,除了第一個單詞及專有名詞外,其他單詞首字母都不要大寫；標題最後不用任何標點符號,上空兩行)
In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999).
(段落第一行縮進4個英文字元；夾注的標注法：出現在夾注中的作者必須與文後的參考文獻形成一一對應關系；注意一個或多個作者間的標點符號,時間、頁碼等的標注法；另外,漢語參考文獻的作者要以拼音形式出現,不能出現漢語姓氏；夾注出現在標點符號之前)
2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms
In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:
(1) I don』t know.我不知道.
(2) I am not a poet. 我不是詩人.
(正文中的例子以（1）,（2）…為序號排列,直至最後一個例子；而①, ②…則為腳注或章節附註的上標序號)
…
3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese idioms
3.1 The characteristics of English idioms
（正文章節序號編制：章的編號：1. ,2., 3.,…；節的編號：1.1,1.2…,2.1,2.2…；小節的編號為：1.1.1, 1.1.2….小節以下層次,採用希臘數字加括弧為序,如（i）,（ii）…；之後再採用字母加括弧,如(a), (b),…;每章題目左頂格,小四號字,加粗；每節（及小節以下）題目左頂格,小四號字,不加粗但要斜體；所有章節的題目都單獨一行,最後不加任何標點符號）
….
In conclusion, ….
3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms
….
Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夾注的另一種寫法):
(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.
….
3.2.1 The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms
…
(i) ….
….
(ii) ….
….
4. Conclusion
….
Bibliography (References) （小四號,加粗,後面不加任何標點符號）
Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.
常亮,「關於英語的偏離否定」[J] .《外國語文》,1993,4：44.
馮樹健,「否定之否定新說」[J] .《英語輔導》,1998,6：11.
李光陵,「不完全否定淺析」 [J] .《大學英語》,2000,30：30.
（論文最後的參考文獻中所有文獻的排列順序：章節附註：按照編號順序.夾註：英文文獻----網路文獻----漢語文獻,各個文獻的先後以作者的姓氏字母或拼音為序,不用單獨加序號或編號；每個參考文獻的第二行起必須縮進4個英文字元；1.5倍行距；另外,與文中的夾注一一對應；不同類型的參考文獻寫法請參照寫作指南中附件2的內容）
(以下內容單獨一頁)
漢英習語的對比研究
（題目：二號,黑體,加粗,居中）
【摘 要】 漢英的習語問題是個既簡單有復雜……
……
……
（中文摘要：上空二行；題目採用黑體五號字,加粗,置於粗體方括弧【】內,縮進2個漢字字元,方括弧中的「摘要」兩個字之間空一格；隨後的內容與前面的粗體方括弧【】之間空一格,不用其他任何標點符號,採用楷體五號字,不加粗,單倍行距； 第二行起要頂格；字數約400字,約8-10行；）
【關鍵詞】 習語；對比；英語；漢語
（中文關鍵詞：題目採用黑體五號字,加粗,置於粗體方括弧【】內,縮進2個漢字字元；隨後的內容與前面的粗體方括弧【】之間空一格,不用其他任何標點符號,採用楷體五號字,不加粗,單倍行距；各單詞之間用分號「；」隔開,分號之後不空格；最後一個關鍵詞之後不用任何標點符號；單倍行距）
一、\x09基本格式：
論文只能列印在每頁紙的一面上,不得列印在正反面上.論文紙的大小尺寸為A4紙列印.側面裝訂.
二、題名頁：
論文題名頁上列印格式基本相近,中、英文對照,中文題目頁在第一頁,英文題目頁在第二頁.一般由頂部往下三分之一頁處列印論文題目,論文題目都用大寫字母,下隔八行列印論文調查者姓名、所屬電大,再下隔八行視實際情況打上提交日期XX年XX月XX日以及課程名稱：論文項目設計
上述各項內容都應列印在論文題名頁的中間部位.
三、摘要及關鍵詞頁
摘要及關鍵詞頁上列印格式同論文題名頁,中、英文對照,中文題目頁在上,英文題目頁在下.一般根據提要的內容多少安排列印.中文題目摘要採用宋體一號,加粗,摘要正文部分採用宋體,小四號.關鍵字題目部分採用宋體三號,加粗,關鍵字短語部分採用宋體,小四號.英文題目摘要採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為一號,加粗,摘要正文部分採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為小四.
四、致謝頁
學員可以自選致謝頁,一般不要求寫中文.英文大標題採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為一號,加粗,正文部分採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為小四.
五、目錄頁
英文大標題採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為一號,加粗,小標題部分統一採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為三號,加粗.注意在右方註明對應的頁號,中間虛線連接.
六、正文頁
論文的正文需隔行列印,正文採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為小四.大標題為Times New Roman字體,字型大小為三號、加粗字.副標題為Times New Roman字體,字型大小為三號、加粗.
七、章節附註、參考文獻頁與附錄頁
章節附註、參考文獻頁與附錄頁（大標題採用Times New Roman字體,字型大小為一號,加粗）正文部分如章節附註、參考文獻目錄與附錄可不必隔行列印,字體為Times New Roman小四.
㈧ 求一篇經濟類的英文論文
U.S. dollars since 2000 on the substantial depreciation of major currencies. The substantial depreciation of the dollar increase in the global financial uncertainty, easy-to-inced financial risks. And the continuous depreciation of the dollar in the process, the rest of the world's major economies, monetary policy is also in trouble. First of all, this article analyzes the reasons for the depreciation of the dollar, and then to explore the world's major economies in the context of monetary policy choices and difficult challenges.
[Key words] dollar, the euro exchange rate, monetary policy
First, the U.S. dollar and the reasons for
Since 1999, the U.S. dollar against the euro exchange rate fluctuations larger. Generally speaking, before 2001, the U.S. dollar against the euro exchange rate was rising, but in 2002 after the dollar has fallen. Over the same period, the U.S. dollar against other major economies has been a drastic devaluation of the currency, the U.S. dollar on the 2001-2007 Japanese yen, pound sterling, the devaluation of the ruble rate was 4%, 28% and 19%; in July 2005 since China's exchange rate reform to In March 2008, the depreciation of the dollar against the yuan as much as 14%. The substantial depreciation of the dollar e to what? To study the great dollar exchange rate fluctuations of the reasons, it is necessary to briefly review the basic theory of exchange rate decision.
(A) the basic theory of exchange rate decision
PPP's basic view is that domestic and foreign currency exchange rate between the two countries depends on the purchasing power of the currency comparisons. To do the same theory, in a certain period of time, changes in currency exchange rates with the same period of time between the two countries price level changes in the relative proportion. In other words, countries with higher inflation rate would be devalued its currency. Through the years 1999-2007 and the U.S. dollar against the euro, British pound, Japanese yen and changes in the price index difference between the use of software Eviews return and found that the correlation coefficient is less than 0.15, so that exchange rate movements and price changes are not related to purchasing power parity against the U.S. dollar against the euro And other major currencies, exchange rate movements explain the lack of power.
Interest rate parity theory, the forward rate of spread by the interest rate difference between the two countries decided that the high interest rate currencies in the foreign exchange market must discount period, the period of low interest rates in the country foreign exchange market must be premium. But through the years 1999-2007 for the U.S. dollar against the euro, British pound, Japanese yen exchange rate and interest rate differences between the two countries, the use of software Eviews return and found that the correlation coefficient is less than 0.3, so that the U.S. dollar against the euro and other currency exchange rates and interest rate differences irrelevant, Interest rate parity does not hold water.
Assets said to be on the market since the 1970s Western scholars focus on capital flows in the analysis of exchange rates in the role of the theory of multiple collectively, including multi-En Buci (R. Dornbusch) overshoot of the model, Brown's (W. Branson) of the Portfolio Selection Theory, and so on. However, e to the euro zone's largest economies, Germany on January 1 has always been heavy management of the traditional inflation in the euro zone price changes in the level of short-term changes in the exchange rate does not reflect the long-term changes in the track, the multi-En Buci overshoot the model can not explain the U.S. Against the euro exchange rate fluctuations great; and Brown's main theoretical model applicable to small countries, the United States appears to be a major economic power that can not be applied.
Traditional theory can not explain the sharp fluctuations in the dollar, some scholars put forward the economic base determines the exchange rate of the theory in an attempt to verify the GDP growth rate and exchange rate fluctuations related differences. ECB Executive Jurgen Stark (2008) pointed out that the mid-1990s, U.S. labor proctivity growth has been ahead of the euro zone, and the United States and Europe have differences in labor proctivity, the expansion of the trend until 2006, before and after the euro zone to increase labor proctivity Catch up with the United States. Labor proctivity is the main driver of growth, from Table 1 can clearly see that the euro zone in 1999-2007 of 9 years, overall economic growth than the United States, of which only 2001 and 2007 annual growth rate higher than that of the United States, basically the same as in 2006 And the remaining 6 were significantly lower than in the United States. The U.S. dollar against the euro in addition to the exchange rate basically stable in 2001, 2006 and 2007 showed strong rapid decline in 2002-2004, however, the euro zone's economic performance is weak, the dollar also fell,
㈨ 英文論文寫作格式和規范
一、英文論文的標題
一篇較長的英文論文(如英文畢業論文)一般都需要標題頁,其書寫格式如下:第一行標題與列印紙頂端的距離約為列印紙全長的三分之一,與下行(通常為by,居中)的距離則為5cm,第三、第四行分別為作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果該篇英文論文是學生針對某門課程而寫,則在作者姓名與日期之間還需分別打上教師學銜及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本門課程的編號或名稱(如:English 734或British Novel)。列印時,如無特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行列印,行距約為0.6cm(論文其他部分行距同此)。
就學生而言,如果英文論文篇幅較短,亦可不做標題頁(及提綱頁),而將標題頁的內容打在正文第一頁的左上方。第一行為作者姓名,與列印紙頂端距離約為2.5cm,以下各行依次為教師學銜和姓、課程編號(或名稱)及日期；各行左邊上下對齊,並留出2.5cm左右的頁邊空白(下同)。接下來便是論文標題及正文(日期與標題之間及標題與正文第一行之間只需隔行列印,不必留出更多空白)。
二、英文論文提綱
英文論文提綱頁包括論題句及提綱本身,其規范格式如下:先在第一行(與列印紙頂端的距離仍為2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一詞及冒號,空一格後再打論題句,回行時左邊須與論題句的第一個字母上下對齊。主要綱目以大寫羅馬數字標出,次要綱目則依次用大寫英文字母、阿拉伯數字和小寫英文字母標出。各數字或字母後均為一句點,空出一格後再打該項內容的第一個字母；處於同一等級的綱目,其上下行左邊必須對齊。需要注意的是,同等重要的綱目必須是兩個以上,即:有Ⅰ應有Ⅱ,有A應有B,以此類推。如果英文論文提綱較長,需兩頁紙,則第二頁須在右上角用小寫羅馬數字標出頁碼,即ii(第一頁無需標頁碼)。
三、英文論文正文
有標題頁和提綱頁的英文論文,其正文第一頁的規范格式為:論文標題居中,其位置距列印紙頂端約5cm,距正文第一行約1.5cm。段首字母須縮進五格,即從第六格打起。正文第一頁不必標頁碼(但應計算其頁數),自第二頁起,必須在每頁的右上角(即空出第一行,在其後部)打上論文作者的姓,空一格後再用阿拉伯數字標出頁碼；阿拉伯數字(或其最後一位)應為該行的最後一個空格。在列印正文時尚需注意標點符號的列印格式,即:句末號(句號、問號及感嘆號)後應空兩格,其他標點符號後則空一格。
四、英文論文的文中引述
正確引用作品原文或專家、學者的論述是寫好英文論文的重要環節；既要注意引述與論文的有機統一,即其邏輯性,又要注意引述格式 （即英文論文參考文獻）的規范性。引述別人的觀點,可以直接引用,也可以間接引用。無論採用何種方式,論文作者必須註明所引文字的作者和出處。目前美國學術界通行的做法是在引文後以圓括弧形式註明引文作者及出處。現針對文中引述的不同情況,將部分規范格式分述如下。
1.若引文不足三行,則可將引文有機地融合在論文中。如:
The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in 「the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe」(Roper9).
這里,圓括弧中的Roper為引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯數字為引文出處的頁碼(不要寫成p.9)；作者姓與頁碼之間需空一格,但不需任何標點符號；句號應置於第二個圓括弧後。
2.被引述的文字如果超過三行,則應將引文與論文文字分開,如下例所示:
Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his 「Democratic Vistas」 is an admirable and characteristic diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)
這里的格式有兩點要加以注意。一是引文各行距英文論文的左邊第一個字母十個空格,即應從第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引號,末尾的句號應標在最後一個詞後。
3.如需在引文中插注,對某些詞語加以解釋,則要使用方括弧(不可用圓括弧)。如:
Dr.Beaman points out that「he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism」(9).
值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出現在引導句中,故圓括弧中只需註明引文出處的頁碼即可。
4.如果擬引用的文字中有與論文無關的詞語需要刪除,則需用省略號。如果省略號出現在引文中則用三個點,如出現在引文末,則用四個點,最後一點表示句號,置於第二個圓括弧後(一般說來,應避免在引文開頭使用省略號)；點與字母之間,或點與點之間都需空一格。如:
Mary Shelley hated tyranny and「looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).
5.若引文出自一部多卷書,除註明作者姓和頁碼外,還需註明卷號。如:
Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers「a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury」(Chen,1:i).
圓括弧里的1為卷號,小寫羅馬數字i為頁碼,說明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、導言等多使用小寫的羅馬數字標明頁碼)。此外,書名 A History of English Literature 下劃了線；規范的格式是:書名,包括以成書形式出版的作品名(如《失樂園》)均需劃線,或用斜體字；其他作品,如詩歌、散文、短篇小說等的標題則以雙引號標出,如「To Autumn」及前面出現的「Democratic Vistas」等。
6.如果英文論文中引用了同一作者的兩篇或兩篇以上的作品,除註明引文作者及頁碼外,還要註明作品名。如:
Bacon condemned Platoas「an obstacle to science」(Farrington, Philosophy 35).
Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).
這兩個例子分別引用了Farrington的兩部著作,故在各自的圓括弧中分別注出所引用的書名,以免混淆。兩部作品名均為縮寫形式(如書名太長,在圓括弧中加以註明時均需使用縮寫形式),其全名分別為 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。
7.評析詩歌常需引用原詩句,其引用格式如下例所示。
When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface, 「The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...」(1.1620-21).
這里,被引用的詩句以斜線號隔開,斜線號與前後字母及標點符號間均需空一格；圓括弧中小寫的1是line的縮寫；21不必寫成1621。如果引用的詩句超過三行,仍需將引用的詩句與論文文字分開(參見第四項第2點內容)。
五、英文論文的文獻目錄
論文作者在正文之後必須提供論文中全部引文的詳細出版情況,即文獻目錄頁。美國高校一般稱此頁為 Works Cited,其格式須注意下列幾點:
1.目錄頁應與正文分開,另頁列印,置於正文之後。
2.目錄頁應視為英文論文的一頁,按論文頁碼的順序在其右上角標明論文作者的姓和頁碼；如果條目較多,不止一頁,則第一頁不必標出作者姓和頁碼(但必須計算頁數),其餘各頁仍按順序標明作者姓和頁碼。標題Works Cited與列印紙頂端的距離約為2.5cm,與第一條目中第一行的距離仍為0.6cm；各條目之間及各行之間的距離亦為0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
3.各條目內容順序分別為作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名稱、出版地、出版年份及起止頁碼等；各條目應嚴格按各作者姓的首字母順序排列,但不要給各條目編碼,也不必將書條與雜志、期刊等條目分列。
4.各條目第一行需頂格列印,回行時均需縮進五格,以將該條目與其他條目區分開來。
現將部分較為特殊的條目分列如下,並略加說明,供讀者參考。
Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats, Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.
引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一條目中註明該作者姓名,餘下各條目則以三條連字元及一句點代替該作者姓名；各條目須按書名的第一個詞(冠詞除外)的字母順序排列。
An Author with an Editor Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B. Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.
本條目將作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而將編者姓名(不顛倒)放在後面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自編者寫的序言、導言等,則需將編者姓名置前,如:
Blackmur, Richard P.Introction. The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribner's, 1962.vii-xxxix.
如果引言與著作為同一人所寫,則其格式如下例所示(By後只需註明作者姓即可):
Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery. London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi. A Multivolume Work
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed. Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.
第一條目表明該著作共4卷,而論文作者使用了各卷內容；第二條目則表明論文作者只使用了第2卷中的內容。
A Selection from an Anthology Abram, M. H.「English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.」 Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.
被引用的英文論文名須用引號標出,並注意將英文論文名後的句點置於引號內。條目末尾必須註明該文在選集中的起止頁碼。
Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Otto, Mary L.「Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.」 Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.
報刊雜志名需劃線,但其後不需任何標點符號。62為卷號或期號,如既有卷號,又有期號,則要將二者以句號分開。如:(3.3)；1984為出版年份,應置於圓括弧中。
Arnold, Marilgn.「Willa Cather's Nostalgia: A Study in Ambivalance.」Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.
月刊或雙月刊須同時註明出版年月；23-24,28表示該文的前一部分刊於第23和24兩頁,後一部分則轉至第28頁。
Gorney, Cynthia.「When the Gorilla Speaks.」Washington Post 31 July,1985:B1.
引用日報上的英文論文必須同時註明報紙出版的年、月、日。B1為該文在報紙中的版面及頁碼。