『壹』 在嗎！親！英語論文的摘要和引言的區別
區別：
1）摘要是論文的縮影,高度概括論文的各個部分如目的,方法,結果和結論等,重點是結果和結論。讀者不閱讀全文也能獲得論文的主要信息。
2）引言則是課題研究的必要說明,重點寫選題的緣由,立題的依據,待解決的問題等。
3）從結構上,摘要是獨立於文章之外的部分,是一篇完整的短文。
4）沒有引言,文章結構就殘缺,該研究的展開就顯得突然、生硬,就不可能是一篇構思嚴謹,縝密表達內容的文章。
『貳』 英語論文中引言怎麼寫
怎麼寫論文里的introction部分？
榜樣君非常直奔主題啊，其實寫introction，是有步驟的！
第一步：初步構思你的introction，稍稍勾勒出來。
Read your main idea. Now, write a complete sentence about your main
idea.
第二步：擴充你的introction，記住寫它是為了吸引讀者注意！
Reread your introctory sentence. Add a one or two more sentences
explaining your main idea. Remember that the job of your introctory paragraph
is to get your reader』s attention.
第三步：寫完正文後，再來改改改。
那具體，我們怎麼寫introction呢？有沒有套路？
可以這么稱呼：SPQR架構。
▼重點總需要個方框▼
SPQR架構
用於組織文章中的觀點，對前言的展開和文章的整體架構具有很強的指導作用。
Situation 情景
這就是你對於這篇文章的topic，你首先很想勾勒的情景。
一般這個situation statement是平凡的，或者一個大家都普遍認可的大道理或者現象。這個點在於，你說的這個話，是感覺很正確的話——「truth
universally acknowledged的話。這樣才能讓老師和讀者產生共鳴，給出hook，引人上鉤，忍不住看。後面會有例子的。
Problem 難題
這個就是situation的引申。這個情景，有沒有什麼東西讓它變得更困難，更復雜？
它有可能是因為：
有些事情是錯的，而導致的。
有不同的聲音或者阻擾。
一些新的變化或發展導致的
其他任何有可能的原因
那這個難題就會引到下面的question了。
Question 問題
這個問題就是你需要回答的essay question了，也就是你在這篇論文研究的主要問題。
有時候，你在想這個question的時候，就會跳回前部分的problem，然後再做調整。
而回答問題，就自然跳到下面的response了。
Response 回答
這就是你的essay statement或者thesis statement。對於前面的問題，你是怎麼回應的。
榜樣君知道你會覺得籠統，那下面，我們來看實例。
例如，老師要我們寫的題目如下：
Discuss the
causes（成因）of
stereotyping（刻板印象/成見/陳規）in
the mass
media（大眾傳媒）. To what extent do
theyinfluencesocial
attitudes?
翻譯成中文就是：
討論在大眾媒體中刻板印象的成因。他們在多大程度上影響社會態度?
榜樣君之前推出過關於審題的文章，有需要的可以點擊文章標題查看
審完題後，那你會怎麼寫introction呢？
我們試試用SPQR架構來寫。
? Situation
情景
? Problem
難題
? Question
問題
? Response
回答
榜樣君給一下比較好的答案（來自Alan Barker）
【Situation 情景】Steretypes
are extremely commonin British society. Nationality
and race, class, gender and sexual orientation are all subject to limited and
rigid social deions.
【Problem 難題】These
stereotypes have historically been perpetuated in te mass
media,particularly inthe tabloid press and television,
where situastion comedy has often depended on stereotypes for its
effects.
【Question
問題】Sociologists have gathered
evidence forthis process, and examined its causes.
【Response 回答: essay
statement】The most prominent
cause of stereotyping（這里是點題）appears to be the need for
media owners to mirror the values of their target markets. Through market
research, intervention in the creative process and audience evaluation, the mass
media can be seen to reinforce already exsiting stereotypes and perpetuate
them.
當然，上面的不是這么分段的，只是榜樣君為了你們看得更方便，把這段introction分成了四段。
SPQR架構只是其中一種套路（方法）。不過確實非常好用。
如果你英文夠好，你可以看看下面這個視頻，視頻9分30秒▼
視頻：
看完之後，是不是對introction的寫作感覺清晰多了？
好好寫論文哈，榜樣君支持你哦！下次再說說怎麼寫論文的正文啦。
作者：榜樣君
出處：榜樣網GETOP(bygetop)
References：
1.How to write an essay, 作者：Alan Barker
『叄』 求引言的英語翻譯
If a man worked in the power of the government department or professional type to associate with government departments, so the accumulation of past relationships can become political capital for own use, makes it easy to obtain high income instry access permission or position. Thus we think if we had working experience in party and government organs institution, is thought to have high political capital. To illustrate the party membership by political capital rather than personal ability to influence income, this paper to control the variables and technical titles of personal ability, at the same time this paper argues that identity is the embodiment of the political consciousness of party members, and has no direct relationship between the indivial ability, therefore, in addition to the class level position and unit type, political identity can be used as a measure of another indicator of political capital. About political capital on the impact of personal income has made basic unified conclusion, in the labor market, political capital has increase employment opportunities, increase their income. Studies of political capital on the income gap are limited in the monopoly instries and monopoly instries, coastal and inland areas of the income gap discussion (li, 2007; li Ming, Li Huizhong, 2010; zhao wei, 1999), or to emphasize political capital as instry into the high income or get high income post barriers have the effect of the widening income gap (Chen Zhao Liu Ming, 2009), and there is no emphasis on the relationship between the political capital and income distribution, namely how to trigger the formation of the income gap. Compared with the existing political capital income differences affect a large number of research literature, in this paper, the human capital, family background and gender, region and so on has carried on the comprehensive control, to a certain extent, rece the political capital coefficient estimates e to the influence of some factors in the possible deviation; In addition, we tried to use the quantile regression analysis method to discuss the distribution feature of political capital and income distribution between political capital change trend in different quantiles income changes caused by the different characteristics of income and policy implications are completely different
『肆』 英文前言
推薦一篇來自Wiki的文章：
Computer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.
The first device that resemble modern computers date to the mid-20th century (around 1940 - 1945), although the computer concept and various machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers.[1] Modern computers are based on tiny integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while occupying a fraction of the space.[2] Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers in various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are used to control other devices — for example, they may be found in machines ranging from fighter aircraft to instrial robots, digital cameras, and children's toys.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.
『伍』 英語論文的引言
寫作總體要求： (1)說明論文的主題、范圍和目的。 (2)說明本研究的起因、背景及相關領域簡要歷史回顧(前人做了哪些工作?哪些尚未解決?目前進展到何種程度?等)。 (3)預期結果或本研究意義。 (4)引言一般不分段,長短視論文內容而定,涉及基礎研究的論文引言較長,臨床病例分析宜短。 寫作禁忌 1)文不著題，泛泛而談。 2)引文羅列，缺少分析和概括。 注意事項 古代文論中有「鳳頭、豬肚、豹尾」之稱。雖然論文不強調文章開頭象鳳頭那樣俊美、精采、引人入勝,但引言是給讀者的第一印象,對全文有提綱挈領作用,不可等閑視之。
『陸』 目錄裡面的 前言（序言）用英文怎麼表達
前言（序言）的英文翻譯有以下幾種：
1、preface
英 [ˈprefəs] 美 [ˈprefəs]
n.序言，引語;開端，前奏;[宗]（彌撒的）序誦，序禱
vi.&vt.作序;作為…的序言，作為…的開端;給…作序;開始，導致
'slife.
該書前言記述了作者生平。
2、introction
英 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn] 美 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]
n.介紹;引言，導言;採用，引進;新採用的東西
Thebook'sintroctionisbrief.
該書的引言簡短。
3、foreword
英 [ˈfɔ:wɜ:d] 美 [ˈfɔ:rwɜ:rd]
n.前言，序（言）
復數： forewords
.
這本書有一篇總統作的序言。
4、preamble
英 [priˈæmbl] 美 [ˈpriˌæmbəl, priˈæm-]
n.前言;序;緒言;（法令、文件等的）序文
復數： preambles
.
開頭和結尾提供標準的設置。
5、prolegomena
英 [ˌprəʊle'gɒmɪnə] 美 [ˌproʊle'gɒmɪnə]
n.前言，緒論;前言，序論( prolegomenon的名詞復數 )
讀兩本形而上學導論想到的&試說康德和海德格爾
『柒』 英語論文引言怎麼寫
寫作總體要求：
(1)說明論文的主題、范圍和目的。
(2)說明本研究的起因、背景及相關領域簡要歷史回顧(前人做了哪些工作?哪些尚未解決?目前進展到何種程度?等)。
(3)預期結果或本研究意義。
(4)引言一般不分段,長短視論文內容而定,涉及基礎研究的論文引言較長,臨床病例分析宜短。
寫作禁忌
1)文不著題，泛泛而談。
2)引文羅列，缺少分析和概括。
注意事項
古代文論中有「鳳頭、豬肚、豹尾」之稱。雖然論文不強調文章開頭象鳳頭那樣俊美、精采、引人入勝,但引言是給讀者的第一印象,對全文有提綱挈領作用,不可等閑視之。
『捌』 「前言」的英文是什麼
一、preface
讀音：英 [ˈprefəs] 美 [ˈprefəs]
n.序言，引語;開端，前奏;[宗]（彌撒的）序誦，序禱
vi.&vt.作序;作為…的序言，作為…的開端;給…作序;開始，導致
第三人稱單數： prefaces 復數： prefaces 現在分詞： prefacing 過去式： prefaced
例句：This book has a preface written by the author.
這本書有作者的自序。
二、introction
讀音：英 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn] 美 [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən]
n.介紹;引言，導言;採用，引進;新採用的東西
復數： introctions
例句：The book's introction is brief.
該書的引言簡短。
三、foreword
讀音：英 [ˈfɔ:wɜ:d] 美 [ˈfɔ:rwɜ:rd]
n.前言，序（言）
復數： forewords
例句：This book has a foreword by the President.
這本書有一篇總統作的序言。
四、exordium
讀音：英 [ek'sɔ:dɪəm] 美 [ɪg'zɔ:dɪrm]
n.（講話論文等）開端，緒言，緒論
復數： exordiums exordia
例句：The exordium of this article introced the problems which must be solved and its development background, significance and so on.
本文開始的緒論部分介紹了程序需解決的問題及開發背景、意義等。
五、preliminary remarks
n.序言
例句：I have read this preface of book. To proceed toward ( a main topic) with preliminary remarks.
我已讀過這本書的前言。用前言引入（一主要話題）
『玖』 英文目錄裡面的 前言（序言）怎麼說。
序言的英文：
preface ['prefis] n. (書籍、演講等的)序言，前言，緒言，引語，開場白
introction [,intrə'dʌkʃən] n. 前言，引言，序言；導論；(音樂的)序曲
foreword ['fɔ:wə:d] n. (文章、雜志等的)序，序言，序文，前言，緒言，同近義詞: introction; perface
英文preface、foreword都含「書的正式篇章開始之前的一段文字」的意思。
preface 指「由書的作者或他人為該書寫的序言或序文，它是與本書分開的一部分，用來解釋寫書的目的、重要性等，篇幅一般比foreward長」。 如:
This book has a preface written by the author.
這本書有作者寫的序言。
foreword 指「書的簡短的序文」, 如:
That book has a preface, not a foreword.
那本書有序文, 沒有前言。
參考例句：
1. The preface to this book is on the preceding page
前邊一頁是這本書的序言。
2. To preface a Book By a life of the writer
以作者的生平作為一本書的序言
3. In her preface she pours out vials of wrath on her detractors.
在序言里她對她的誹謗者表示憤慨。
4. This Book has a preface written By the author.
這本書有作者寫的序言。
5. This foreword of the book is writed by a famouse writer .
這本書的序言是由一個著名作家寫的。
6. The preface is complete in itself.
這前言本身就是完整的。
7. The accident was the preface to a great scientific discovery.
這一偶然事件成了一項重大科學發現的開端。
8. Can you please preface my book?
你能給我這本書作序嗎？
9. The preface of the book includes an account of the author's life.
該書前言記述了作者生平。
10. Jame's prefaces are always important .
詹姆斯小說的前言總是重要的。
11. The introction explains how the chapters are organized .
前言部分說明各章的怎樣組織。
12. In his preface hawthorne seeks to explain the attraction that italy has for the writers of romances .
霍桑在前言中試圖闡明義大利對傳奇作家的吸引力。
『拾』 論文引言翻譯成英語
Introction: Entering the 21st century, computer technology, the rapid development of network technology, electronic commerce has become a very strong life business way. 在電子商務環境下，生產者的生產將按市場需求來進行，其銷售將藉助於計算機和網路來完成，將徹底改變傳統商務方式下的業務流程。 E-commerce environment, procers will demand to carry out the proction, its sales will be assisted by computers and networks to complete, will completely change the traditional business mode of business processes. 企業經營環境的革命性變化必然導致會計管理的內涵和外延發生革命性變化，信息技術從根本上沖擊並挑戰著傳統會計的基本理論體系和會計模型。 Revolutionary changes in business environment will inevitably lead to the connotation and extension of accounting management revolutionize the information technology impact and fundamentally challenges the basic theory of traditional accounting system and accounting models. 文章主要從電子商務對會計的影響進行了分析，並提出一些改進的措施。 This article, from the impact of electronic commerce on the accounting analysis, and propose improvement measures.
任何會計理論總是建立在一定的會計環境與實務基礎上的。 Any accounting theory is always based on certain accounting environment and practical foundations. 電子商務極大地改變了傳統會計的環境，也必然對會計理論帶來影響。 E-commerce has greatly changed the traditional accounting environment inevitably impact on the accounting theory. 電子商務無論從組織上還是地理上都是一個虛擬企業，傳統的會計理論及相應的原則需要發展。 E-commerce in terms of organizational or geographical is a virtual enterprise, the traditional principles of accounting theory and the corresponding need to develop. 建立在現代信息技術基礎之上的電子商務已經沖擊了傳統會計模式，在新的社會經濟環境下，電子商務的發展給我國的經濟發展帶來了一個前所未有的機遇和挑戰。 Jian Li on the basis of modern information technology, e-commerce has an impact on the traditional accounting model, in the new socio-economic environment, e-commerce in 發展 the developments in our country's Jingji an unprecedented opportunities and challenges.